Paper 01
- Created by: sdennisj
- Created on: 18-11-21 11:42
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- Paper 01 - J277/01
- Embedded Systems
- Carryout a small number of functions - part of a larger system - normally stored in ROM (read only memory) typically a single processor or SOC(system on chip) e.g. washing machine, smart fridge, microwave
- Self contained
- System Architechture - unit 1
- CPU
- components
- AW,CU,cashememory,Registers
- Control unit = sends signals to different components in the CUP and rest of system (all other components or pc)
- Cashe memory = very fast emmory in the CPU to store frequently used instructions or data
- ALU = Arithmetic logic unit = calculations and logical comparisons
- Registers = PL,MAR,MDR,ACC,CIR
- program counter= address in= main memory, primory,ram, of next intstruction fetched
- Memory address register = stores the address in = main memory, primary memory of the interuction to be fetched
- Memory data register = stores the instruction that has been fetched from main memory.
- ACC=accumulator = stores the result of any calculation or logical comparison
- Current instruction register = instruction to be executed
- AW,CU,cashememory,Registers
- components
- Storage
- primary, main memory,RAM
- Primary memory = programs/data, currently in use
- Secondary e.g. HDD, SSD optical
- Non- volatile long term storage of programs/data
- storage mesured in Bytes,KB,Mb,Gb,Tb,Pb = step up from form below is 1000 of it.
- Non- volatile long term storage of programs/data
- primary, main memory,RAM
- Others
- Fetch Decode Execute cycle
- CPU
- Networks
- Threats
- Malware : Worms,trojans,viruses,DoS,SQL injection
- Types of networks
- LAN
- small geographical area
- you own the hardware
- small geographical area
- WAN
- 3RD party WAN links
- Large geographical area
- Topology
- Mesh and Star
- Mesh is all connected with infividual links
- Star is all devicees connected to one switch
- Mesh and Star
- LAN
- Protection
- Anti-virus,Anti malware
- Devices
- NIC - network interface controller
- Switches - make the LAN
- WAP - wireless access points
- Routers - Connect to internet/WAN
- Protocols
- WIreless : POP,IMAP,IP,TCP,VOIP,SMTP,FTP,HTTP,HTTPS
- Ethernet - wired
- Network Architechture
- Peer 2 Peer p2p
- Equal
- nothign manages the network
- Security
- Shaved files/data/access peripherals
- Node > no access
- Client/server c/s
- Services
- Print management,Authentication,File servers,web server,devices is known as a client
- Server
- +ves = maintains access to security > much easier to administer, manage, backups,software
- -ves = no server - no service, expensive - specialised hardware server
- Services
- Peer 2 Peer p2p
- Packets
- Broken into packets
- Packet switching etc.
- Broken into packets
- DNS
- Domain name system
- Website browser system, e.g. www.bbc.co.uk
- DNS loop > match to the host/website IP address
- DNS server > does a lookup, no match
- Higher up DNS > websiteNotFound, returns ip address to the router
- DNS loop > match to the host/website IP address
- Website browser system, e.g. www.bbc.co.uk
- Domain name system
- Cloud
- SAAS
- Threats
- Software
- Utilities
- Enhance the OS maintenance functions
- Disc defragmentation
- Files become 'fragmented' HDD
- 'de-frag' periodically move all the file fragment so they are continuous
- Anti-vitus,firewall, compression software
- Disc defragmentation
- Enhance the OS maintenance functions
- System software
- Operating system : Linux,MacOS,Windows
- User interface
- GUI
- Everyone
- Easy to use : point and click,drag and drop,windows,icon,memory,pointer
- Everyone
- Command line interface (CLI)
- Experts
- GUI
- Memory management
- Multi tasking
- File management
- Virtual memory
- When main memory|RAM is full, program is idle: program needs to be moved out of ram and into secondary storage to then free a space for other applications
- Virtual memory
- User interface
- Operating system : Linux,MacOS,Windows
- Utilities
- Embedded Systems
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