P1 mindmap
- Created by: Isobel8
- Created on: 29-05-16 20:44
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- P1
- Heating Homes
- Melting and Boiling
- SLH
- Energy=Mass x SLH
- SHC
- Energy= Mass x SHC x temp change
- Measuring heat energy
- Total energy supplied = energy supplied per second x number of seconds
- Temperature change
- Temperature
- Keeping Homes Warm
- Conduction
- Convection
- Transfer of heat energy
- Energy efficiency
- Efficiency= Useful output energy/ Total Input energy x 100
- Cavity Wall Insulation
- Saving Energy in the home
- Conductors and Insulators
- Reducing heat loss in the home
- Pay back time= Cost of insulation/Annual saving
- A Spectrum of Waves
- Light
- Light is a transverse wave
- Electromagnetic spectrum
- Wave equation
- wave speed+ frequency x wavelength
- Refraction
- Reflection
- Diffraction
- Light
- Light and Lasers
- Reflection and Refraction
- Light and infrared rays can be reflected or refracted when they cross a glass-air boundary.
- Optical fibres are used to send information in the form of pulses of light or infrared radiation
- Communication Signals
- Lasers
- Lasers produce a beam of light in which all light waves: have the same frequency, ae in phase with each other and have low divergence.
- A laser produces a narrow beam of monochromatic (single colour) light
- Wireless Signals
- Advantages
- Signals are available 24hours a day
- No wiring is needed
- Items can be portable and convenient
- Advantages
- Reflection and Refraction
- Cooking and Communicating using Waves
- Microwaves
- Microwaves are used to transmit information over large distances that are in line of sight.
- Microwave signals
- Affected by: poor weather, large obstacles, curvature of earth and interference between signals
- Transferring energy
- Microwaves and infrared energy are transferred to materials in different ways.
- Microwaves are absorbed by water and fat
- Infrared is absorbed by all the particles on the surface of the food
- Microwaves and infrared energy are transferred to materials in different ways.
- Uses of Electromagnetic Radiation
- Microwaves
- absorbed by water and fat molecules
- Penetrate 1cm into food
- Cause burns if absorbed by body tissue
- Travel through glass and plastic
- Infrared
- Uses to heat surface of food
- Reflected off shiny surfaces
- Absorbed by black objects
- Microwaves
- Electromagnetic Radiation
- The amount of radiation that is absorbed or emitted fro a surface depends on:
- Surface Temperature
- Colour (Dark is good + Pale is bad)
- Texture (dull is good + shiny is bad)
- The amount of radiation that is absorbed or emitted fro a surface depends on:
- Microwaves
- Data Transmission
- Infrared Signals
- Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave.
- Uses
- Remote Control
- Sensor doors
- Burglar alarms
- Security Lights
- Analogue and Digital signals
- Analogue signals can be used to transmit data. They vary continuously in amplitude.
- Digital signals can also be used to transmit data as a series of pulses.
- Two or more digital signals can be sent down the same optical fibre at the same time.
- Infrared Signals
- WirelessSignals
- Radiation for communication
- Radiation used for communication can be reflected by the atmosphere.
- Advantage
- No connection to phone land-line required
- Disadvantage
- Aerial needed to pick up signal
- Advantage
- Radiation used for communication can be reflected by the atmosphere.
- Transmitting Signals
- Satellites can be used for global communication
- The refraction and diffraction of radiation, e.g. microwaves, can affect communications
- Satellites can be used for global communication
- DAB radio
- New DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) Radios receive digital signals
- Advantage
- More stations are avaliable
- Disadvantage
- Audio quality is not as good as FM broadcasts
- Advantage
- New DAB (Digital Audio Broadcasting) Radios receive digital signals
- Radiation for communication
- Stable Earth
- Earthquakes
- Produce shock waves, which can travel inside the earth.
- Seismic Wave
- P-waves
- Travel through, crust, mantel, outer and inner core.
- S-waves
- Pass through crust and mantel.
- Detecting the waves
- P-waves
- Travel through, crust, mantel, outer and inner core.
- S-waves
- Pass through crust and mantel.
- P-waves
- P-waves
- Seismic Wave
- Produce shock waves, which can travel inside the earth.
- Global Warming
- Increased energy in homes and industry
- Increased CO2
- Deforestation
- Dangerous Sun
- Produces Electromagnetic Waves.
- Ultraviolet
- Sun tan, sun burn, cataracts, premature ageing and skin cancer.
- Ultraviolet
- Time in sun = 20mins with no sun cream.
- Produces Electromagnetic Waves.
- Ozone Layer
- Ozone is a gas found high up in the earths atmosphere, prevents too many harmful UVs from reaching Earth.
- Earthquakes
- Heating Homes
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