other endocrine glands
- Created by: une-meduse
- Created on: 19-05-14 00:33
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- 'Other' Endocrine Organs/tissue
- Pancreas
- Insulin
- 51 amino acid
- Two amino acid chains - disulphide bonds
- Made from proinsulin
- Lower blood glucose levels
- Enhances membrane transport of glucose
- Inhibits glycogen --> glucose (glycogenolysis)
- Inhibits amino acid/fat --> glucose
- Triggers glycogen production
- Elevated blood glucose levels trigger release
- Imbalance
- Diabetes mellitus - hyposecretion of insulin
- Type 1 - absent insulin - immunodeficiency
- Type 2 - present insulin - body cells irresponsible
- Hypoinsulinism
- Hypoglcemia - low blood glucose
- Diabetes mellitus - hyposecretion of insulin
- Glucagon
- 29 amino acid polypeptide
- Hyperglycemic agent
- Target = liver
- Glycogen --> glucose breakdown (glycogenolysis)
- Lactic acid --> glucose (gluconeogenesis)
- Lowers blood levels of amino acids (liver uses them)
- Insulin
- Gonads
- Steroid sex hormones
- Steroid hormones identical to those produced by adrenal corticoid cells
- Ovaries
- Estrogen
- Maturation of reproductive organs
- Appearance of secondary sex characteristics
- Progesterone
- Breast development and cyclic changes
- Estrogen
- Maturation of reproductive organs
- Appearance of secondary sex characteristics
- Estrogen
- Breast development and cyclic changes
- Estrogen
- Testes
- Sperm
- Testosterone
- Initiates maturation of male reproductive tract
- Secondary sex characteristics
- Sex drive
- Sperm production
- Placenta
- Temporary
- Sustains fetus
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
- Human chorionic gonadotropin
- Adipose
- Leptin
- How much energy stored as fat
- Resistin
- Insulin antagonist
- Adiponectin
- Enhances sensitivity to insulin
- Leptin
- Enterendocrine cells (GI)
- Peptide hormones
- Digestive function
- Amines (seratonin)
- Paracrines
- Peptide hormones
- Heart
- Atria
- Atrial naturietic peptide
- Decreases sodium = decrease blood volume
- Atrial naturietic peptide
- Atria
- Kidney
- Interstitial cells
- Erythropoietin
- Increase red blood cell production
- Erythropoietin
- Renin
- Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone release of aldosterone
- Interstitial cells
- Skeleton
- Osteoblast
- Osteocalcin
- Pancreatic beta cells divide/secrete insulin
- Restrict adipocyte storage
- Adiponectin release
- Osteocalcin
- Osteoblast
- Skin
- Cholecalciferol
- D3 - needed for Ca2+ absorption
- Cholecalciferol
- Thymus
- Thymulin
- Thymopoietins
- Thymosins
- Hormones needed for development of T lymphocytes
- Pancreas
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