chemistry, topic 5, organic chemistry
- Created by: Whitechoc10001
- Created on: 20-02-20 12:48
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- organic chemistry
- hydrocarbons
- a compound that only contains hydrogen and carbon
- alkanes
- methane (CH4)
- ethane (C2H6)
- propane (C3H8)
- butane (C4H10)
- properties
- shorter chains
- less viscous
- more volatile
- more flammable
- longer chains
- opposite of shorter chains
- shorter chains
- combustion
- coplete combustion produces water + CO2
- Crude oil
- formation
- fish die and fall to ocean floor
- more stuffs pile on top creating pressure
- pressure + high temp from mantle turns fish into crude oil
- more stuffs pile on top creating pressure
- fish die and fall to ocean floor
- fractional distillation
- crude oil is vapourised, then enters fractionating collum
- in collum theres a temperature gradient (hot at bottom, cool at top)
- longer hydrocarbon chains condense at bottom and are collected
- shorter chains condense at top
- longer hydrocarbon chains condense at bottom and are collected
- in collum theres a temperature gradient (hot at bottom, cool at top)
- crude oil is vapourised, then enters fractionating collum
- cracking
- used to split up longer chains as they have little uses
- into alkanes and alkenes
- catalytic cracking
- alkanes are vapourised and passed powdered aluminium oxide
- steam cracking
- alkanes and vapourised and passed through steam
- used to split up longer chains as they have little uses
- formation
- alkenes
- have a double bond (C=C) so unsaturated
- double bond can break to form more bonds so they are more reactive than alkanes
- combustion
- can do complete combustion but rarely
- usually burn with smoky flame
- produce C, CO, CO2 and H2O
- reaction of alkenes
- hydrogenation
- adds hydrogen, produces and alkane
- steam reaction
- steam + alkene= alcohol
- halogen reaction
- eg, ethene+ bromine= dibromoethane
- polymerisation
- many alkenes break the double band
- they join together to form long chains
- many alkenes break the double band
- hydrogenation
- have a double bond (C=C) so unsaturated
- alcohols
- -OH funtional group
- properties
- soluble in water
- react with sodium
- oxidised to produce carboxylic acid
- flammable to produce CO2 and H2O
- uses
- solvents (they dissolve most things that wtaer can and more)
- fuels eg. in spirit burners
- carboxyllic acids
- functional group -COOH
- react like other acids
- dissolve in water but don't completely ionise
- carboxyllic acids react with alcohols to produce esters
- alcohols
- -OH funtional group
- properties
- soluble in water
- react with sodium
- oxidised to produce carboxylic acid
- flammable to produce CO2 and H2O
- uses
- solvents (they dissolve most things that wtaer can and more)
- fuels eg. in spirit burners
- eg ethanol + ethanoic acid = ethyl ethanoate
- alcohols
- condensation polymerisation
- involves 2 funtional groups (a diol and a dicarboxyllic acid
- alcohol loses H off both sides
- carboxyllic acid loses OH off both sides
- loses a small molecule eg. water
- produces a polyester
- naturally occuring polymers
- amino acids
- contain amino group (NH2) and carboxyl group (COOH)
- proteins or polypeptides are a chain of amino acids
- DNA
- made of two chains of nucleotides
- sugars
- made of C, O and H
- react through polymeristaion to produce carbohydrate/starch or cellulose
- amino acids
- hydrocarbons
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