Alkenes and alkanes
incomplete
- Created by: zaramckinlay
- Created on: 22-02-16 15:26
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- Organic Chemistry
- Alkanes
- Organic formula: CnH2n+2
- incomplete combustion - carbon monoxide, carbon (soot) + water
- complete combustion -carbon dioxide +water
- have isomers (an atom with the same molecular formula but a different structural formulae
- e.g. methylpropane is an isomer for butane
- Substitution reaction: when one atom is swapped with another
- Organic formula: CnH2n+2
- Alkenes
- General formula: CnH2n
- unsaturated hydrocarbons
- contain at least one double c=c bond
- Therefore more reactive than alkanes
- undergo addition reactions
- e.g. bromine water
- Alkenes decolourise bromine water
- e.g. bromine water
- contain at least one double c=c bond
- Alcohols
- Hydration of ethene
- Temp 300
- Catalyst: phosphoric acid
- Pressure: 600-700atm
- Hydration of ethene
- Alkanes
- Alkanes are saturated
- only single c=c bonds
- makes them relatively unreactive
- Alkanes
- Organic formula: CnH2n+2
- incomplete combustion - carbon monoxide, carbon (soot) + water
- complete combustion -carbon dioxide +water
- have isomers (an atom with the same molecular formula but a different structural formulae
- e.g. methylpropane is an isomer for butane
- Substitution reaction: when one atom is swapped with another
- Organic formula: CnH2n+2
- only single c=c bonds
- manufacture of ethanol
- Hydration of ethene
- Temp 300
- Catalyst: phosphoric acid
- Pressure: 600-700atm
- Hydration of ethene
- Disadvantages
- very slow
- batch process
- Fermentation
- Temp: 30
- Catalyst: Yeast
- converts sugars (e.g. glucose) into ethanol
- manufacture of ethanol
- Advantages
- Renewable
- low temps
- Anaerobic
- very slow
- produces dilute ethanol
- needs further processing
- Disadvantages
- very slow
- batch process
- Fermentation
- Temp: 30
- Catalyst: Yeast
- converts sugars (e.g. glucose) into ethanol
- Advantages
- Renewable
- low temps
- Anaerobic
- very slow
- Advantages
- fast
- continuous process
- produces pure ethanol
- fast
- Disadvantages
- expensive
- high temps + pressures required
- uses non-renewable resources
- expensive
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