organic chem
- Created by: becca.ax
- Created on: 27-02-18 11:51
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- organic chem
- crude oil is a mixture of different compounds. many are hydrocarbons and are alkanes.
- crude oil is a fossil fuel that is found underground under rocks. formed by remains of sea creatures- mainly plankton buried in mud.
- crude oil is a form od ancient biomass and is remains of sea creatures. it is a finite resource as we use it we cannot replace it.
- fractional distillation of crude oil
- hydrocarbons have different boiling points and to separate them they use fractional distillation.
- fractional distillation is a separation technique that separates miscible liquids with different boiling points
- in each fraction the hydrocarbons contain a similar number of carbon atoms
- crude oil is heated and vaporized. vaporized crude oil enters the fractional tower where it is hotter at the bottom than at the top .
- hydrocarbons cool as they rise and condense at different heights due to their different boiling points.
- larger molecules are collected as liquids near the bottom of the tower whereas the small molecules collect at the top.
- hydrocarbons have different boiling points and to separate them they use fractional distillation.
- cracking
- shorter alkanes are higher in demand so cracking takes place to make them shorter so they can be used for fuels
- produces unsaturated hydrocarbons called alkenes which can be used as a starting material to make many other substances such as polymers and medicines
- catalytic cracking- heat alkanes to vaporise them they then pass over a hot catalyst
- steam cracking-heat alkanes to vaporise them, mixed with steam and then heated to very high temperatures
- alkenes
- homologous series of unsaturated alkenes. contain carbon double bond. eg ethene, propene, butene and pentene
- crude oil is a mixture of different compounds. many are hydrocarbons and are alkanes.
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