Organelles- part 2
- Created by: Freja
- Created on: 12-04-21 17:42
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- Organelles
- Cytoskeleton
- Has 3 Components
- Microtubules- globular tubulin proteins polymerise to form tubes that are used to form a scaffold-like structure that determines the shape of a cell. They also act as tracks for the movement of organelles, including vesicles, around the cell. Spindle fibres are comprised of microtubules.
- Microfilament- contractile proteins formed from the protein actin. These are responsible for cell movement and also cell contraction during cytokinesis.
- Intermediate fibres- these fibres give mechanical strength to cells and maintain their integrity.
- Help strengthen the cell and maintain its shape.
- The cytoskeleton is dynamic (constantly changing), which allows it to respond to changes in the cell and carry out its function.
- Has 3 Components
- Golgi Apparatus
- A group of fluid-filled, membrane-bound, flattened sacs. Vesicles are often seen at the edges of the sacs.
- It processes and packages new lipids and proteins.
- It also makes lysosomes.
- Mitochondrion
- They're usually oval-shaped. They have a double membrane and the inner one is folded to form structures called cristae. Inside is the matrix,, which contains enzymes involved in respiration.
- The site of aerobic resppiration, where ATP is produced. They are found in large numbers in cells tht re very active and require a lot of energy.
- Centriole
- Small, hollowed cylinders, made of microtubules (fund in protein cylinders). Found in animal cells, but only some plant cells.
- Involved in the separation of chromosomes, during cell division.
- Chloroplast
- A small, flattened structure found in plant cells. It's surrounded by a double membrane, and also has membranes inside called thylakoid membranes. These membranes are stacked up in some parts of the chloroplast to form grana. Grana are linked together by lamellae, which are thin, flat pieces of thylakoid membrane.
- The site where photosynthe-sis takes place. Some parts of photosynthe-sis happen n the grana and other parts happen in the stroma (a thick fluid found in the chloroplasts).
- Cilia
- Small, hair-like structures found on the surface of some animal cells. In cross-section, they have an outer membrane and a ring of nine pairs of protein microtubules inside, with two microtubules in the middle.
- The microtubules allow the cilia to move. This movement by the cell to move substances along the cell surface.
- Flagellum
- Flagellum on eukaryotic cells are like cilia but longer. They stick out from the cell surface and are surrounded by the plasma membrane. Inside they are like cilia too, with two microtubules in the centre and nine pairs around the edges.
- The microtubules contract to make the flagellum move. Flagellum re used like outboard motors to propel cells forward.
- Cytoskeleton
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