A level cell structure
- Created by: katygraydon
- Created on: 27-12-18 10:14
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- cell structure
- Eukaryotes
- Membrane bound organelle
- Contains a Nucleus
- Consists of a nuclear envelope
- this is the doubles membrane structure that surrounds the nucleus. Forms a countinous structure with the rough ER. The pores allow the passage of large molecules, e.g mRNA and ribosomes
- consists of a Chromatin
- made up of coils of DNA bound to protein. During cell division chromatin condenses into chromosomes
- Consists of nucleolus
- The location where ribosomes and nucleotides are manufactured
- Contains the genetic information of a cell
- Consists of a nuclear envelope
- Plant cells
- Chlorplasts
- the endosymbiotic theory
- Describes the origin of chloroplasts and mitochondria
- M and C both had 70s ribosomes and circular DNA.
- Suggested that at least 1.5 x 10^9 years ago some ancient bacteria with very fluid membranes engulfed others and maintained a symbiotic relationship with them.
- Some of those engulfed were very good at turning glusoce and oxygen into ATP - M
- Some of those engulfed could turn carbon dioxide and water into glucose - C
- 1883
- the endosymbiotic theory
- Cell wall
- to provide structure to a plant cell.
- cell wall made of cellulose or fungi - chitin
- Vacuole
- Consists of a large permanent vacuole, consists of a fluid filled sac bounded by a single membrane, the tonoplast
- contain cell sap, a solution which stores chemicals such as glucose, amino acids and minerals
- Plasmodesmata
- Starch grain used for energy storage
- Chlorplasts
- Animal cells
- Mitochondria
- Produce ATP in aerobic respiration
- Ribosomes
- important in protein synthesis, as they are the site of translation, where mRNA is used to assemble the polypeptide chain.
- Golgi body
- to modify and package proteins into secretory vesicles
- Vesicles
- Lysosome
- Contain and isolate potentially harmful enzymes from the remainder of the cell
- Glycogen granules used for energy storage
- Rough ER
- Transports the proteins made in the ribsomes.
- Smooth ER
- Lipid synthesis and storage
- Mitochondria
- 80s ribosomes
- prokaryotes
- Single celled organism, DNA is free in the cytoplasm
- Bacteria
- DNA loose within the cytoplasm
- mesosomes
- Where respiration is thought to occur
- 70s ribosomes
- Viruses
- only be seen by a light microscope
- acellular - not made of cells
- they are made up of nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat, the capsid.
- Eukaryotes
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