Organelles
- Created by: em_1999
- Created on: 14-01-16 16:53
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- Organelles
- Nucleus
- Role - act as control centre of the cell, organising the production of MRNA & tRNA.
- Retain the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA & chromosomes.
- Manufacture ribosomal RNA & ribosomes.
- Retain the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA & chromosomes.
- Chromosomes - consist of protein-bound linear DNA.
- Nucleoplasm- granular jelly-like substance that makes up bulk of nucleus.
- Nuclear Pores - allow passage of large molecules like messenger RNA out of the nucleus.
- Nuclear envelope- double membrane, 'envelopes' the nucleus. continuous with the ER, ribosomes on its surface.
- Role - act as control centre of the cell, organising the production of MRNA & tRNA.
- Mitochondria
- site of aerobic stages of respiration. responsible for the production of energy. Carrier molecule, ATP, from respiratory substrates such as glucose.
- Inner Membrane - folded to form extensions (cristae)
- Outer membrane - controls entry & exit of material.
- Cristae - extensions of inner membrane, give large surface area for attachment of enzymes and other proteins involved in respiration.
- Matrix - contains enzymes & proteins needed for respiration.
- Chloroplasts
- Role - carry out photosynthesis. contain DNA & ribosomes to quickly manufacture proteins for PS
- Chloroplast envelope - double plasma membrane, selective about what can enter & leave.
- Grana -stacks up to 100 Thylakoids.
- Thylakoids - contain chlorophyll, where first stage of photosynthesis takes place.
- Stroma - fluid filled with matrix where the second stage of PS happens.
- Granal Membrane- provide large surface area for attachment of chlorophyll .
- Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Role - transport system throughout the cell.
- Rough ER -ribosomes one the surface if membranesprovidng large surface area for synthesis of proteins & glycoproteins.
- Smooth ER- synthesise, store & transport lipids & carbohydrates.
- Golgi Apparatus
- Role- produce carbohydrates to form glycoproteins, secretory enzymes. Modify & customise proteins, form lysosomes, transport. modify & store lipids.
- Cisternae-compact stacks of membranesthat make up flattened sacs
- Modifies the proteins by adding non-protein compounds such as carbohydrates. Labels them so they can be sorted and sent to their correct destinations.
- features hollow vesicles at the edges.
- Lysosomes
- Role - hydrolize materials ingested by phagotic cells. release enzymes to outside of the cell ignored to destroy material around the cell.
- Digest worn out organelles so useful chemicals they are made of can be reused, completely break down cells after they've died.
- formed from the vesicles at edges of the golgi, contain enzymes.
- Role - hydrolize materials ingested by phagotic cells. release enzymes to outside of the cell ignored to destroy material around the cell.
- Ribosomes
- Role- synthesise proteins
- small cytoplasmic granules found in cells
- can be found in cytoplasm or connected to the rough ER.
- contains a small and large sub unit, each sub it contains ribosomal RNA & protein.
- Nucleus
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