Opposition to Tsarism
- Created by: Fredcatley
- Created on: 13-11-18 10:43
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- Opposition to Tsarism
- Peasant life
- background
- Peasants= 80% of population.
- Lived a life of hard work, large debt, high taxes and they did not own land.
- Nicholas II Counter-reforms
- Land Captains replaced zemstvos (local committees) as key figure in local government.
- Land Captains managed the work of peasants+administered law.
- Peasants lost the right to elect people to their zemstvos.
- Land Captains made final decision on candidates for zemstvos.
- Land Captains replaced zemstvos (local committees) as key figure in local government.
- background
- Working class
- background
- Urban workers=4% of population in 1894.
- Emerged due to Witte's industrial policies.
- Received better pay than peasants but factories were very dangerous.
- Working conditions were tough: 12 hour day.
- Managers could beat their employees.
- Lived in slums in the cities
- Mortality rate of workers=higher than peasants
- Urban workers=4% of population in 1894.
- Consequences of harsh conditions and inequality.
- Led to strikes and growth of socialist groups.
- background
- League of Liberation
- Background
- 1903: middle class oponents of Tsarism formed the league.
- Led by Milyukov and Struve.
- 1903: middle class oponents of Tsarism formed the league.
- Demands: programme (1904)
- An end to autocracy.
- Democratic government based on universal suffrage.
- Maximum 8 hour day for workers.
- Redistribution of land to peasants.
- Self-determination for all nations in Russian Empire.
- Composition
- Urban middle class and election members of zemstvos.
- Conflict with government
- Government believed the league was dangerous
- Okhrana arrested leading members after first Congress.
- Government believed the league was dangerous
- Background
- Peasant life
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