Opposition (nature of government)
- Created by: avaniwilliams
- Created on: 18-05-18 09:15
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- Opposition (Nature of Government)
- Before 1917
- Emergence of opposition groups
- People's Will (1879)
- Primary aim to assassinate the Tsar - achieved in 1881
- The Populists
- Aimed to engage the rural classes in a political debate to overthrow the Tsar
- SD's (1898)
- Influenced by Marxism and the need to encourage working class consciousness, improving pay and hours
- Divided into Bolsheviks and Mensheviks
- Influenced by Marxism and the need to encourage working class consciousness, improving pay and hours
- SR's (1901)
- Focussed on improving living conditions
- Left SR's: responsible for 2000 political killings 1901-1905
- Right SR's: worked with parties and groups to gain support
- Focussed on improving living conditions
- Kadets (1905)
- The Constitutional Democrats - intellectual arm of the Liberal movement
- Octobrists (1905)
- Moderate Liberal Group who wanted changes to Government
- Both supported Nicholas II October Manifesto
- The Constitutional Democrats - intellectual arm of the Liberal movement
- Both supported Nicholas II October Manifesto
- Moderate Liberal Group who wanted changes to Government
- People's Will (1879)
- Effectiveness of Opposition
- Radical opponents of the Tsar wanted an end to the Romanov dyansty
- Peoples Will successful partly - Assassinated Alexander II but didn't end Tsardom
- Bolsheviks were Successful - Assassinated Nicholas II and his family and ended the dynasty
- Peasant Riots wanted greater freedoms, rights to the Land and protection against Famines
- Zemstva and Stolypin's Reforms seemed favourable however still had to pay redemption taxes and were controlled by Mir and Land Captains
- Lenin tried to gain their support through his 'Peace, Bread and Land' campaign
- Worker's Protests achieved little and strikes were repressed with force
- Lena Goldfields strikes: 200 workers were killed by the army
- Some national minorities were effective in getting autonomy
- Finland gained full autonomy in 1905 - however was reneged on by Stolypin
- Radical opponents of the Tsar wanted an end to the Romanov dyansty
- Emergence of opposition groups
- After 1917
- Lenin
- The Bolshevik party was the strongest party is existance
- Moderate opponents to the Civil war and War communism emerged within the Bolshevks - Lenin introduced the NEP to appease them
- Created a one-party state through the Ban on Factions 1921 (ban all opposing parties and groups)
- Despite this, in-fighting continued which came a head after Lenins Death in the form of a power struggle
- Stalin
- Opposition was largely unsuccessful due to his ruthless repression: show trials, purges and the Great terror
- United opposition (Trotsky, Kamenev and Zinioviev) was successfully dealt with
- Khrushchev
- De-Stalinsation allowed greater tolerance for opposition
- 1959: 11,000 counter-revolutionaries in Gulags compared to 5.5 mi in 1953
- De-Stalinsation allowed greater tolerance for opposition
- National Minorities
- Poland and Finland gained full independence after Treaty of Brest-Litvosk
- Georgia gained temporary independence in 1920
- Ukraine made important gains under 1936 constitution
- Lenin
- Before 1917
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