Operant conditioning
- Created by: 11pyoung
- Created on: 19-04-17 13:51
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- Operant conditioning
- Involves learning associations between behaviours and their consequences
- Rewarding a behaviour reinforces that behaviour and makes it more likely to be repeated
- If a punishment is associated with a behaviour it is less likely to be repeated and may be extinguished completely
- Antecedence
- A stimulus would be presented which would trigger s behaviour
- Behaviour
- The observed behaviour made in response to the antecedence
- Consequence
- The reward or punishment received as a result of the behaviour
- Behaviour
- The observed behaviour made in response to the antecedence
- Consequence
- The reward or punishment received as a result of the behaviour
- Positive reward
- Giving a pleasurable reward for a behaviour
- Negative reward
- Removing an unpleasant consequence when a behaviour is performed
- Negative reward
- Removing an unpleasant consequence when a behaviour is performed
- Positive punishment
- Adding something unpleasant as a result of a behaviour
- Negative punishment
- Removing something pleasurable when a particular behaviour is performed
- Negative punishment
- Removing something pleasurable when a particular behaviour is performed
- Types of reinforcer
- Primary reinforcers
- Those things necessary for human survival
- Secondary reinforcers
- things enabling a person to acquire primary reinforcers
- Primary reinforcers
- Token economy
- Used to encourage good and discourage bad behaviour
- Involves giving tokens when desirable behaviour is performed or taking them away when undesirable behaviour
- Used to encourage good and discourage bad behaviour
- Schedules of reinforcement
- Refer to the ratio and the interval a reward is received following a behaviour
- Partial reinforcement is most common form, whereby desired behaviour is awarded according to partial schedule
- Takes longer to learn but takes longer to in-learn
- Fixed interval
- The reward is not immediate but has a fixed time delay
- Variable interval
- A reward is given after a fixed time delay on the first occasion, after this a new time delay is set
- Variable interval
- A reward is given after a fixed time delay on the first occasion, after this a new time delay is set
- Fixed ratio
- A behaviour is rewarded after it has been repeated a set number of times
- Variable ratio
- Once a fixed ratio has been established the number of times a behaviour must be repeated changes
- Behaviour modification
- Changing a behaviour in order to
- Extinguish unwanted behaviour
- If undesirable behaviour is consistently followed by punishment it would eventually be extinguished
- Develop/produce desirable behaviour
- If desirable behaviour is rewarded/reinforced it ill be learned and repeated
- Extinguish unwanted behaviour
- Successive approximation
- When a behaviour is performed that is in the general direction of what is desired this behaviour is rewarded
- After a while only when the desired behaviour fits more s=closely to what is required will the behaviour be rewarded
- When a behaviour is performed that is in the general direction of what is desired this behaviour is rewarded
- Changing a behaviour in order to
- Involves learning associations between behaviours and their consequences
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