ocr grog erosional landforms

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  • Erosional landforms
    • cliffs and shore platforms
      • when destructive waves break repeatedly on  steeply sloping coastlines, continued undercutting weakens support for the rock strata above, eventually collapses forming a cliff
      • as the sequence of undercutting, collapse and retreat, at its base a gently sloping shore platform is cut into solid rock
    • Bays and headlands
      • if these rock outcrops lie perpendicular to the coastline, the weaker rocks are eroded more rapidly to form bays while the more resistant rock remains between bays as headlands
      • usually due to the presence of bands of rock of differing resistance of erosion
    • Geos and blowholes
      • geos: narrow, steep-sided inlets. Lines of weakness are eroded more rapidly then the rock around them
      • blowholes: roof of a tunnel-like cave collapses along a master joint, it may form a vertical shaft that reaches the cliff top
    • caves, arches, stacks and stumps ( a sequence of erosional landforms)
      • cave: points of weakness are exploited by erosional processes and a small cave may develop on one side
      • arch: if a cave enlarges to such an extent it extends through to the otherside of the headland, possibly getting another cave and arch is formed
      • stack: continued erosion widens the arch and weakens its support, aided by weather the arch may collapse leaving an isolated stack
      • stump: further erosion at the base of the stack may cause further collapse leaving a stump

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