Nucleic acids and functions
a mindmap on the entire of the "nucleic acids and their functions" chapter of the eduqas biology AS textbook
- Created by: cocoandpups
- Created on: 14-05-19 18:29
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- Nucleic acids and functions
- general structure
- pyrimidine
- thymine, cytosine, uracil
- purine
- adenine, guanine
- pyrimidine
- ATP
- why ATP is better than glucose
- universal energy source
- only 1 enzyme required to release energy
- only 1 reaction required to release energy
- energy release is controlled and doesn't destroy cells
- structure
- ribose sugar
- adenine base
- three phosphate groups
- function
- not an energy store- energy currency
- ATP + H20--> ADP + Pi
- userd to provide energy for:
- secretion
- nerve transmission (pumping ions)
- metabolic processes
- active transport
- movement
- why ATP is better than glucose
- Protein synthesis
- transcription
- occurs in nucleus
- enzymes
- DNA helicase
- breaks hydrogen bonds between bases to unwind double helix and expose bases
- RNA polymerase
- binds to DNA template strand
- free RNA nucleotides align against complementary bases
- moves along DNA template forming bonds between RNA nucleotides
- RNA strand synthesised alongside DNA strand
- separates from strand when stop codon is reached
- leaves nucleus through a nuclear pore
- binds to DNA template strand
- DNA helicase
- translation
- ribosomes
- 2 subunits
- larger subunit attaches to 2 tRNA molecules
- smaller subunit binds to the mRNA
- provide framework for translation
- 2 subunits
- initiation
- elongation
- termination
- sequence continues until stop codon is reached
- ribosome-mRNA-polypeptide complex separates
- sequence continues until stop codon is reached
- peptide bonds form between adjacent amino acids
- the 1st tRNA leaves the ribosome
- RNA moves along one codon
- next tRNA binds
- RNA moves along one codon
- the 1st tRNA leaves the ribosome
- termination
- ribosome attaches to start codon
- complementary tRNA binds to large unit
- hydrogen bonds form
- complementary tRNA binds to large unit
- elongation
- ribosomes
- transcription
- Extra bits?
- 1 gene is equal to one polypeptide
- the gene base sequence only codes for primary structure
- post translational modifications can occur
- golgi body can further fold the polupeptide into secondary, tertiary, quaternary structures
- can bind with other proteins
- eg haemoglobin
- post translational modifications can occur
- general structure
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