NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Topic outline with main studies.

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  • NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
    • Verbal communication
      • Paralinguistics
        • Hostile /friendly messages in hostile /friendly voices
          • Tone of voice 5x effect of words
      • Conveying messages with words and vocal sounds
    • Posture
      • Postural echo
        • Message of friendliness
          • Confederate, observation, social env
      • Open posture
        • Arms not folded, legs open.
          • Friendly, welcoming, etc
      • Closed posture
        • Arms folded, legs crossed
          • Negative, unfriendly
            • Confederate had conversations in social situations. Half time open half time closed. Open > liked Closed > disliked when pps questioned after
              • Friendly, welcoming, etc
      • The way in which we stand and hold our bodies
    • Eyes
      • Eye movements
    • Hemispheres
      • Sackeim and mirrored faces
        • Left side preferred
          • TMT right brain control
            • Right brain - creativity, spatial awareness, music
            • Left brain - lists, literature, language
    • Gesture
      • Waitresses study - tips standing vs squatting
        • More tips when squatting
          • Eye contact
            • Eyes
              • Eye movements
            • Argyles study with dark glasses
              • A- To find out whether eye contact is important in ensuring the flow of convo
                • M- Observation. Half pps wore dark glasses in conversation control group no glasses
                  • R- Glasses = more pauses and interruptions
                    • C- Eye contact important in smooth flow
      • Touch
        • NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
          • Verbal communication
            • Paralinguistics
              • Hostile /friendly messages in hostile /friendly voices
                • Tone of voice 5x effect of words
            • Conveying messages with words and vocal sounds
          • Posture
            • Postural echo
              • Message of friendliness
                • Confederate, observation, social env
            • Open posture
              • Arms not folded, legs open.
              • Closed posture
                • Arms folded, legs crossed
                  • Negative, unfriendly
                    • Confederate had conversations in social situations. Half time open half time closed. Open > liked Closed > disliked when pps questioned after
                • The way in which we stand and hold our bodies
              • Hemispheres
                • Sackeim and mirrored faces
                  • Left side preferred
                    • TMT right brain control
                      • Right brain - creativity, spatial awareness, music
                      • Left brain - lists, literature, language
              • Gesture
                • Waitresses study - tips standing vs squatting
                  • More tips when squatting
                    • Eye contact
                      • Argyles study with dark glasses
                        • A- To find out whether eye contact is important in ensuring the flow of convo
                          • M- Observation. Half pps wore dark glasses in conversation control group no glasses
                            • R- Glasses = more pauses and interruptions
                              • C- Eye contact important in smooth flow
                • Touch
                  • Fisher et al in the library
                    • Librarian liked by students more after they had been touched
                  • Unconsious effect on friendliness
                    • Librarian liked by students more after they had been touched
                • Not universal
              • Personal space
                • Sex
                  • Same sex- closer
                    • Observation in social setting
                • Status
                  • More likely to stand closer to someone of same status
                    • Observational study
                • Age
                  • closer in age - closer in space
                • Culture
                  • Arab countries- far less PS compared to European countries
                • Personality
                  • Uni students take personality test.
                    • Get results from teacher from a random test.
                      • How far away do they sit?
                        • Extra- closer
                        • Intra- further away
            • Fisher et al in the library
              • Unconsious effect on friendliness
              • Not universal
            • Personal space
              • Sex
                • Same sex- closer
                  • Observation in social setting
              • Status
                • More likely to stand closer to someone of same status
                  • Observational study
              • Age
                • closer in age - closer in space
              • Culture
                • Arab countries- far less PS compared to European countries
              • Personality
                • Uni students take personality test.
                  • Get results from teacher from a random test.
                    • How far away do they sit?
                      • Extra- closer
                      • Intra- further away
          • Participants observed having conversations with one way mirror
            • Eye movements cue when each person needs to talk- eye contact broken and made in specific scenarios
              • Eye movements signal turn taking in conversation

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