Non-religious and non-religious ideas about the nature of conscience
Conscience
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- Created on: 04-02-21 15:06
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- Non-religious ideas about the nature of conscience: part 1
- Lawrence Kohlberg
- Conscience as a behaviour developed through social interaction
- Established 6 stages of moral development, grouped into 3 levels.
- 3 levels: Pre-Conventional, Conventional, and Post-Conventional
- Pre-Conventional
- Typical of primary school aged children.
- Stage 1 is about obedience to socially accepted norms.
- This is because they know that disobedience to socially accepted norms knowing that disobedience will result in punishment.
- Stage 2- individual behaviour is determined by what is in their best interests.
- Conventional
- Typical of society
- Stage 3 is the desire to do what will gain the approval of others.
- Stage 4 is responding to what is seen as one's duty through obedience to the law.
- Post-Conventional
- Few people will get to this level
- Stage 5 reveals an understanding of social interaction and genuine interest in the welfare of others.
- Stage 6 is based on respect for universal principles and the demands of the individual conscience.
- Challenge
- Some may challenge this understanding of conscience, following Hume's view that 'reaon should be a slave of the passions'.
- They may see conscience more as the product of intuition.
- Some may challenge this understanding of conscience, following Hume's view that 'reaon should be a slave of the passions'.
- Sigmund Freud
- Conscience as an aspect of the super-ego
- 3 aspects of the mind
- Id, ego, and super ego
- The Id
- The unconscious, instinctive part of our personality that consists of our basic needs and desires.
- The Ego
- The rational faculty.
- Realises that we have to take others into account and acts as a brake on the id.
- The rational faculty.
- Super-ego
- Developed in early childhood.
- The internalised voice of parental authority and continuing the role of commanding, threatening, ect.
- Continues the role that was carried out by parents and other authority figures.
- The internalised voice of parental authority and continuing the role of commanding, threatening, ect.
- Conscience is the negative aspect of the super-ego
- Expresses itself through guilt and shame, consciously or unconsciously
- Controls the individual's potentially socially damaging basic instincts and drives (eg agression, sexual desires).
- Developed in early childhood.
- Challenge
- He gives a limited and extreemly narrow role to the conscience (Eg just limiting desires).
- Lawrence Kohlberg
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