Non-biological explanations of criminality
- Created by: Former Member
- Created on: 25-02-18 17:40
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- Non-physiological Explanations of Criminality
- Farrington
- Cambridge upbringing study
- Sample
- 411 boys at age 8
- Method
- Interviewed as boys, adolescents and adults
- Findings
- Risk factors; Family, criminality, risk-taking, low school attainment, poverty, poor parenting
- Conclusion
- Factors could be addressed and intervention at an early age can reduce the risks of turning to crime
- Sutherland
- Learning criminal behaviour from others
- Theory
- More contact with attitudes to criminal behavior, more expose to criminal behavior in family and friends makes the person more likely to commit crime
- Evaluation
- Reductionist
- Helps explain some types of crime that biology fails to
- White-collar crimes like stealing office supplies because 'everyone else does it'
- Palmer and Hollin
- Level of moral development
- Sample
- 126 convicted criminals between 13 + 21
- Method
- Comparing young offenders and non-offenders
- Data
- Questionnaire
- Socioeconomic status
- Psychometric measures
- Socio-moral reflection - truth, affiliation, life, poverty, law and legal justice
- Self-reported delinquency - exhibiting different levels of delinquent behaviors
- Questionnaire
- Evaluation of Research
- Methods
- Self-report
- Increased validity - More depth and detail and can ask about about lots of things
- Issues of validity - social desirability
- Issues of validity - memory (asking after event)
- Longitudinal
- Valid data - less reliant on memor
- Uncover variables - compare and contrast peoples upbringing
- Criminals are more likely to drop out (panel attrition - unrepresentative)
- Self-report
- Sample
- Prisoners and criminals
- Doesn't explain non-criminals
- Been in prison start to say things
- Ressricted samples
- Prisoners and criminals
- Methods
- Issues
- Free will / Deterministic
- Deterministic - environment determines criminality
- Situational / Individual
- Situational - environment makes us a criminal
- Individual - Moral development explnantion
- Nature / Nurture
- Nurture - Environment changes our behaviour
- Reductionist / Holistic
- Reductionist - doesn't look at biology
- Holistic - Longitudinal studies are more holistic look at biology aswell
- Socially sensitive?
- Yes - parents could be blamed for kids being criminals
- Free will / Deterministic
- Farrington
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