NFOs

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  • Non-fatal offences
    • Assault
      • Words
        • R v Ireland
        • R v Constanza
      • Actions
        • Tuberville v Savage
        • Chief Constable of Woking v Smith
        • DPP v Logdon
      • Both
        • R v Lewis
      • AR - D causes V to apprehend immediate unlawful personal violence - R v Ireland
        • MR - Intentional or subjectively recklessly causes V to apprehend immediate unlawful personal violence.
        • S.39 Criminal Justices Act 1988
        • No force needed - only fear.
        • Tried at Mag's - max 6 months
    • Battery
      • AR - The unlawful application of force to another
        • MR - Intention/ subjective recklessness to apply unlawful force to another
          • Tried at Mag's - max 6 months
          • S.39 Criminal Justice Act 1988
          • R v Thomas - touching clothes amounts to battery.
      • Indirect Battery
        • R v Martin
        • DPP v K
        • R v Haystead
    • S.47 ABH
      • AR - any hurt or injury calculated to interfere with the health or comfort of V. - R v Chan-Fook
        • MR - The same as the assault/ battery
          • TEW - Mag's = 6 months and Crown = 5 years.
          • S.47 of the Offences Against the Person's Act (OAPA) 1861
      • Cases
        • R v Chan-Fook
        • R v Miller
        • R v Smith
        • R v Cox
    • S.18 GBH
      • Indictable offence at the Crown - max sentence is life.
        • Statutory offence by MPs.
          • S.18 of the OAPA 1861
      • MR - Intention (direct of indirect) to cause serious harm - Saunders
        • AR - D causes V a serious physical (Saunders), mental (Burstow) or biological injury (Dica).
          • 'Wounding with intent' - a cut of at least 2 layers of skin and bleeding (Eisenhower)
            • Vulnerable person - Bollom
            • Collection of minor injuries - Brown and Stratton
    • S.20 GBH
      • AR - D caused V a physical (Saunders), mental (Burstow) or biological injury (Dica).
        • MR - Intention or subjective recklessness to cause some minor harm (Savage).
      • TEW offence - max sentence 5 years in Crown.
        • Statutory offence
          • S.20 0f the OAPA 1861

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