Newspapers Industries Overview

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  • Created by: saegrine
  • Created on: 28-03-22 11:44
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  • Newspapers - Industries
    • Industry Context
      • Regulatory Bodies
        • PCC
          • Previous regulatory body
          • Focuses on complaints
        • IPSO
          • No legal requirement
          • Not backed by government
          • Current regulatory body
        • Magazines are self-regulatory
      • Newspaper Types
        • Broadsheets - Quality newspapers
          • e.g. The Guardian and The Times
        • Tabloid - popular press
          • e.g. the Sun
        • Middle-Market Tabloids
          • e.g. The Daily Mail, The Express
      • Most newspapers are right-leaning, except for The Daily Mirror
        • Right-wing papers = tend to support the Conservatives & UKIP, believe in the free market & oppose socialism. 
        • Left-wing papers = tend to support Labour & socialist policies that advocate social equality.
      • Circulation
        • Circulation = how many copies are distributed. Circulation audits are provided by the Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC)
      • Online Integration - Advantages
        • Immediate with regular updates.
        • Interactive opportunities e.g. audio-visual clips & opportunities to blog or email opinions. 
        • The Daily Mail, high % of female readers, has had success with its online version of ‘Femail’ focusing on fashion & gossip.
        • Apps available for mobile phones & tablets.
        • Archive facilities so users can access back issues/features.
        • Navigation tools allow users to select the content that interests them.
      • Technological Change
        • Online Integration - Advantages
          • Immediate with regular updates.
          • Interactive opportunities e.g. audio-visual clips & opportunities to blog or email opinions. 
          • The Daily Mail, high % of female readers, has had success with its online version of ‘Femail’ focusing on fashion & gossip.
          • Apps available for mobile phones & tablets.
          • Archive facilities so users can access back issues/features.
          • Navigation tools allow users to select the content that interests them.
        • Less physical newspapers in circulation as technology is used more
        • News stories are expected to be more immediate and so digital versions have been made
        • Cultural shift - news received through social media
        • Citizen Journalism
          • Papers have started to rely on ordinary people to submit content.
          • Gatekeeper - A person or organisation involved in filtering content. In the industry editors perform this role, choosing which stories make it through the ‘gate’ & into the paper. Their decisions are influenced by their ideology & audience.
          • They can be responsible for the dissemination of fake news because there’s no responsibility to validate stories unlike news institutions.
      • News Values
        • Threshold: how big the story is will increase its priority.
        • Negativity: bad news is more exciting & interesting than good news.
        • Unexpectedness: a shocking event e.g. London terror attacks. Likely to push other news off the agenda & changes to the front page may be made last minute.
        • Unambiguity: news that isn’t complex will be higher up the agenda of some papers. Modern wars are difficult to report & avoided by tabloids unless they involve personalities or can be graphically represented.
        • Personalisation: news with a human interest angle are more likely to appear in some papers. Readers are interested in celebrities & stories have more meaning if they’re personalised.
        • Proximity: the closer to home, the more interested readers are. Tabloid & local papers tend to be more ethnocentric than quality papers.
        • Elite nations/people: news about powerful people/nations e.g. USA, will be higher up the agenda.
        • Continuity/currency: news that continues to run & is updated as new aspects to the story appear e.g. Brexit & Coronavirus.
    • Theories
      • Cultural Industries - Hesmondhalgh
        • Reach and News Corp are horizontally integrated with a wide range of titles. Maximises audiences and minimize risks.
        • Reach has embraced digital media through digital ads.
        • The Times has a paywall to help maximise profit
        • Both organisations own printing plants
      • Power & Media Industries -C&S
        • Reach have maintained power by diversifying into regional news
        • News Corp being so large may inhibit journalists' freedom. Murdoch is accused of controlling his paper.
          • However, a more diverse pattern of ownership may increase freedom.
      • Regulation Theory - L&L
        • Increased pressure to adhere to regulation after phone hacking scandal News Corp was involved in
        • Balance between protection and freedom
        • Increase in citixen journalism makes regulation difficult
        • Regulatory Bodies
          • PCC
            • Previous regulatory body
            • Focuses on complaints
          • IPSO
            • No legal requirement
            • Not backed by government
            • Current regulatory body
          • Magazines are self-regulatory

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