New Cells
- Created by: Eleanor Izzard
- Created on: 12-12-12 10:43
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- New Cells
- Mitosis
- Prophase
- Chromosomes spiralise and condense (supercioling). They are visable, thick and short threads
- The Nuclelus shrinks, centrioles move to opposite poles in the cell
- Spindle Fibres from in the regions of the centrioles
- Each chromosome can be seen as 2 chromatids joined at the centromere
- Each pair of sister chromtids are duplicated chromosomes
- Nuclear envelope begins to disintergrate
- Each pair of sister chromtids are duplicated chromosomes
- Each chromosome can be seen as 2 chromatids joined at the centromere
- Spindle Fibres from in the regions of the centrioles
- In this state, chromosomes can take up stains to be seen under light microscope
- The Nuclelus shrinks, centrioles move to opposite poles in the cell
- Chromosomes spiralise and condense (supercioling). They are visable, thick and short threads
- Metaphase
- Spindle fibres have grown accross the cell
- the chromosomes have lined up independantly along the equator
- the spindle has sttached to each chromosomes centromere
- the chromosomes have lined up independantly along the equator
- Spindle fibres have grown accross the cell
- Anaphase
- Centromeres divide into two, separating sister chromatids
- fibres shorten, pulling each chromosome to separate poles
- V shape because they are pulled by centromere
- fibres shorten, pulling each chromosome to separate poles
- Centromeres divide into two, separating sister chromatids
- Telophase
- Chromosomes begin to uncoil into chromatin
- Spindle fibres disintergrate, cell constricts along its central axis
- Nuclear envelope begins to from around each set of chromosomes
- Cytokinesis
- division of the cytoplasm into two genetically identical daughter cells
- Cytokinesis
- Nuclear envelope begins to from around each set of chromosomes
- When coiled, the chromosomes cannot complete their functions, so the length of time they are coiled needs to be as short as possible
- Spindle fibres disintergrate, cell constricts along its central axis
- Chromosomes begin to uncoil into chromatin
- Interphase
- cell prepares for division, DNA replicates, centrioles replicate, 2 pairs of homologous chromosomes
- Most animal cells, in plants only meristem cells can
- Plants don't have centrioles, tunulin protien required is made in cytoplasm
- In plant cells cytokinesis begins with the formation of a cell plate
- Plants don't have centrioles, tunulin protien required is made in cytoplasm
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- Prophase
- Needed For:
- replacement an old cell
- Growth of tissue
- Development
- Chromosomes
- in nucleus of eukaryotic cells
- each contains one molecule of DNA - including specific sections Genes
- the molecules of DNA that make up each chromosome are wrapped around proteins called histones
- The DNA of eaach chromsome is replicated - producing 2 replicas, a pair of sister chromatids) held at the centromere
- the molecules of DNA that make up each chromosome are wrapped around proteins called histones
- Varies depending on species - human 46, dogs 78 etc
- Chromatin threads are about 30nm thick, after supercioling a chromosome is about 500nm thick
- Mutations
- can occur if DNA is not replicated correctly
- can cause the cell not to function correctly
- Time
- varies between species and type
- affected by availability of nutrients
- Mitosis is only a small portion of the cell cycle
- interphase - s phase and growth phase
- Mitosis
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