Negociations 1.
- Created by: autumnitalia_
- Created on: 20-05-19 20:28
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- Negotiations
- Basic outline:
- Many states claim not to work with terrorists, but clearly they end up doing so.
- deemed repulsive and you need to show it doesn't pay.
- clearly they do as 43% of groups end by politicisation so negations are happening somewhere.
- strategic negociationis most common - goals
- concessions - thing that is granted.
- penitence Law in Italy which allowed terrorists to be given shorter sentences in return for co-operation with the police
- academics disagree over negotiation.some say should be a complete cessation of violence before doing so otherwise a voice is given to them but it is also a chance to engage with deeply held grievances.
- penitence Law in Italy which allowed terrorists to be given shorter sentences in return for co-operation with the police
- concessions - thing that is granted.
- Many states claim not to work with terrorists, but clearly they end up doing so.
- Initiating negotiations (Byman, 2006)
- Negotiationcan be hard to start as no one wants to be seen as soft.
- can't work with the state if the they are arguing the state is the enemy
- 1. public pronouncements - no commitment but can indicate a desire to negotiate
- 2. megaphone diplomacy - granting of interviews or sending out media reports that indicate a goats desire to dicuss
- 3. relying on trusted intermediaries - desecrate passing on of messages - NI
- 4. intelligence officers - deniable and discrete
- 5. Low profile talks - discussions kept quiet
- 6. work through a political wing - govts can allow a group to form eg/ brits working with Sinn Fein
- Negotiationcan be hard to start as no one wants to be seen as soft.
- what factors might influence the success of negotiations (cronin)
- stalemate - mutually hurting stale mate can't achieve anything more through violence.
- strong leadership - bringing moderates along and strong bipartisan support for the govt
- Sinn Fein managed to bring maj of PIRA along with it while both main brit parties were committed to peace
- sponsors - mediators play a crucial role but they can also undermine talks
- states have sponsored groups in ME making peace difficult. Scandinavian states have often played mediating roles
- Sucide attacks Cronin
- suicide campaign- cause polarisation in societies - MEPP & Tamil Tigers have high lvls of suicide bombings and v diff negocations
- first evidence of it working was Lebanon 1983 - US left = works
- splintering - can help isolate ******** but also splinter the mainstream - negociatewith mderateseg/ IRA vs RIRA weren't happy with peace neg
- Spolilers - remarkable success in spring peace - 1/4 treaties put into affect
- setting and story - 9/11 would make it impssible
- What scholars say on adv and disad
- BAD
- Dershowitz (2003) - states should not negociatewith terrorist groups
- reward, it shows that terrorism works
- Neuman, 2009 - warns that in desperation, terrorists might resort to WMD
- GOOD
- Toros, 2008, legitimisation of terrorist groups can shft a conflict away from violence
- Neumann, 2009 - perhaps push for a permanent cessationof violence before engaging
- GOOD
- Wilkinson, 2007 - democracies should admit nothing in negociations - so upper hand
- GOOD
- Toros, 2008, legitimisation of terrorist groups can shft a conflict away from violence
- Neumann, 2009 - perhaps push for a permanent cessationof violence before engaging
- GOOD
- Dershowitz (2003) - states should not negociatewith terrorist groups
- Advantages of negotiating with terrorists (Byman, 2006)
- 1. changing the groups real or supposed constituents - may become less supportive of violence - other means and legitimate outlet.
- 2. Force a group known for not engaging in politics to do so - progress or tarnish image.
- 3. strengthen the more moderate elements in the movement - inc the chance of a peaceful outcome
- 5. risks of not neg - may strengthen extremists and lower any chance of peace
- 4. Intelligence purposes - use it to defeat them
- BAD
- Basic outline:
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