Near & Middle Eastern Art History
- Created by: BlushingClouds
- Created on: 27-03-19 14:01
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- Near & Middle East
- Mecca & Medina
- Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca + 1/5 pillars of Islam
- performed around the Kabba which is located in city of Mecca
- Near city is Jabal al-Nour = Mountain of Light
- Location of cave Hira where Muhammad received his first revelations of the Quran
- Hajj: pilgrimage to Mecca + 1/5 pillars of Islam
- Jerusalem & Damascus
- The Great Mosque of Damascus
- Built from 705-715 CE by patron of Umayyad dynasty al-Walid I
- The Great Mosque of Damascus
- The Abbasids
- Baghdad
- founded by 2nd Abbasid Caliph Al-Mansur, 762 AD
- was called Madinat al-Salam = the city of peace
- Al-Mansur founded a palace library -> evolved into The House of Wisdom according to some sources
- translation movement + transmission of knowledge
- Samarra
- becomes 2nd capital of the Abbasids in 836 CE
- gradual detachment from classical art forms for preffered stylisations, 8th-10th C.
- Baghdad
- Cordoba & Fez
- Great Mosque of Cordoba = founded in 785 CE by Abd al-Rahman
- Iltifat = to turn, bend
- Ilkhanids
- 1256-1353
- key manuscripts, 1299-1330
- Kitab Manafi, al-Hayawan (Book on The Usefulness of Animals)
- Rashid al-Din, Jami al-Tawarikh (Collection of Chronicles)
- Firdawsi, Shahnama (Book of Kings)
- Aleppo & Cairo
- Great Mosque of Aleppo
- The Safavids: Isfahan
- City in Iran, built by Shah Abbas I
- trade + connections with Europe
- Shah Abbas I
- greatest Safavid monarch
- moved capital to Isfahan in 1598 + built royal city
- Maydan-i-Shah
- large open square lined with shops on two levels + monumental structure in centre
- Mosque of Shaykh Lutfallah, 1602
- placed east of the Maydan with golden tilted dome
- Constructed for important Shaykh + used as private chapel of the Shah and his family
- Masjid-i-Shah, built 1612-1338
- congregational 4-iwan mosque, south of the Maydan
- has magnificent portal flanked by two minarets + tiled dome
- The Ottomans: Istanbul
- Turkish dynasty that ruled Anatolia + much of Eastern Europe + Middle East, 1281-1924
- Koca Sinan (1499?-1588)
- Greatest Ottoman architect, influencing the development of Ottoman architecture + producing its most celebrated masterpieces
- civil engineer who becomes an architect at age 50 (1539) + served as chief architect for 50 years, 1538-1588
- built or supervised a total of 316 structures in Istanbul alone
- Suleyman
- 10th + greatest sultan of Ottoman Empire (1520-66)
- enforced Sunni Islam to counter Safavid Shiism in Iran
- presided over a revival of the arts, literature and Ottoman literary language, patronized architect Sinan + wrote poetry for wife Hurrem (Roxelana)
- Hagia Sofia, built 532-37
- previously a cathedral, Orthodox and Roman Catholic
- Mecca & Medina
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