Nazi Dictatorship
- Created by: emi2266
- Created on: 07-11-21 20:23
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- Nazi Dictatorship
- Rise&Appeal
- 1924 - Hitler's Trail used as propaganda
- when in jail, Nazis didnt gain success
- 1930s election - 107 seats.
- Weimar unable to meet demands, Nazis offered simple solutions
- July 1932 Election - 230 seats
- Hitler - Charismatic, identified w/ peoples emotions, flexible messages, a focal point of Nazism
- Nazi Organisation
- Propaganda under Goebbles - 1)Local - targeted key people to influence. 2) Traditional speakers (6k by 1933). 3) Traditional methods
- SA - 'Propaganda by the deed' , diciplined marches (good rep). Scared the elite; thought Hitler could control them so got votes
- Strategy - businessmen gave financial support, middle class promised strong gov, scapegoat the Jews, Volksgemeinschaft, Rallies & marches
- 1924 - Hitler's Trail used as propaganda
- Backstairs Intrigue 1932-1933
- Nov election - support fell to 196
- 1930-32 ruled by gov decree, Schliecher as chancellor triggered it
- Papan, Hindenburg and Hitler
- thought they could control Hilter b/c of Nov election & only 2 Nazis in cabinet
- Chancellor Hitler - Jan 30th 1933
- Reichstag Fire Feb 27th 1933
- Van der Lubbe - Dutch communist
- used as anti-communist propaganda
- an attack on democracy
- called on Article 48 - arrested opponents.
- Night of the Long Knives, Jan 30th 1934
- SA - political and military threat
- Rohm wanted to merge w/ army
- Hitler & ** kill members and leaders of the SA
- Also killed Schleicher and Strasser
- Got Army support - Oath of loyalty to Hitler
- SA - political and military threat
- Hindenburg's Death
- Died Aug 2nd 1934
- Hitler gained armies support so no political crisis
- Hitler merged chancellor and president role together
- weakened opposition, Legality, terror, propaganda and deception.
- March Elections
- 88% turnout
- Unable to secure majority
- Limited Hitler's freedom - needed 2/3 in Reichstag
- won 288 seats - largest party
- Enabling Act March 23rd 1933
- 444 votes, SPD only opposed it
- Tranferred power from Reichstag to Chancellor
- Dismantled Weimar Constitution
- One Party State
- Limited Press
- Gleichschaltung
- Regional Parliaments dissolved, March 1933
- Jan 1934 they were abolished
- Banned KPD & SPD - other major parties dissolved
- Didn't antagonise army
- needed support from big business for rearmament
- Civil Support to maintain middle class
- Regional Parliaments dissolved, March 1933
- Maintaining Control
- Censorship & Propaganda
- Used Radio to reach rural areas - 75% by 1939
- Public festivals.
- The Hitler Myth
- Used Radio to reach rural areas - 75% by 1939
- Machinery of Terror
- Courts - removed opponents, legality behind Nazi actions, heavily controlled
- ** - ran concentration camps, power of arrest & security.
- Gestapo - secret police, arrested opponents, 40-50 agents in each city
- Censorship & Propaganda
- Religious Policies
- Protestant
- Pastors encouraged people to vote for Nazis
- Nazis gradually began to alienate the church
- Created Reich-Church but it was unpopular
- Confessional Church created to oppose it
- Pastors encouraged people to vote for Nazis
- Catholic
- Signed concordat - July 1933
- Religious freedom if not interference in politics
- Signed concordat - July 1933
- Closed some Church schools, removed crucifixes, banned plays
- Attacks on Catholic Youth Movement, pastors arrested, confiscated funds
- German Faith Movement - Germanic Superiority, rejection of ethics. No Big Impact
- Protestant
- Economic Policies
- Public Work Schemes - 1Billion Reichmarks
- Built roads, canals & homes
- Voluntary Labour Service - 500K men employed
- 1938 - Virtually full employment
- Schacht's New Plan
- Sept 1934 - gov control over trade, tariffs & currency exchange
- German Goods paid in Reichmarks
- balance of payment worsened, 1936
- Industry>Arms
- Gorings 4 Year Plan
- Autarky - increase agriculture & industry, regulate trade
- Total War economy wanted
- Large scale production, bigger after Anschluss (1938)
- Didn't achieve aims, war started earlier
- German Labour Front - mandatory, organised wages & conditions, real wages rose above 1929 levels in 1938
- Strength through Joy - welfare org to improve morale, offered holidays and benefits, only for loyal workers
- Conscription 1935 - reduced employment massively
- Public Work Schemes - 1Billion Reichmarks
- Social Policies
- Women - stay at home, if married could work (1933), denied education. June 1933 -loans given to marry.
- Mother-Cross Reward for birthing children. Anti Abortion & ContraceptionLaws
- Youth - indoctrinated education, ideologies reinforced. Hitler Youth compulsory in 1939
- Resented & led to disillusionment b/c too harsh
- Racial; '33-'37 -gradual policies Nuremburg Laws
- '38-'39; more radical, Kristallnacht, force emigration
- 1933, Sterilisation Laws
- '38-'39; more radical, Kristallnacht, force emigration
- Women - stay at home, if married could work (1933), denied education. June 1933 -loans given to marry.
- Rise&Appeal
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