Nature of autocratic rule: Orthodoxy
- Created by: Fredcatley
- Created on: 12-11-18 17:58
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- Nature of autocratic rule: Orthodoxy
- Promotion
- Nicholas was encouraged to promote Orthodoxy to express the Russian identity.
- Consequently, 1894-1902: Nicholas introduced measures:
- No. of parish clergy increased by 60%.
- Increase in church schools and no.of pupils they educated by 15 times.
- Orthodox missionaries were sent to establish new churches in Baltic states where Protestantism was popular,
- Consequently, 1894-1902: Nicholas introduced measures:
- Nicholas was encouraged to promote Orthodoxy to express the Russian identity.
- Anti-Semitism
- Education
- Educational oppurtunities for Jewish students were limited by quotas.
- Jews could not make up more than:
- 10% of students at Uni's within the Pale of Jewish Settlement.
- 3% in Russia's major cities, Moscow+St Petersburg.
- Jews could not make up more than:
- Educational oppurtunities for Jewish students were limited by quotas.
- Residency
- Many restrictions to where Jews could live.
- The May Laws (1882)
- Banned Jews from living in rural areas (law repealed in 1905).
- In Moscow and Kiev there were campaigns to expel Jews from the cities.
- The May Laws (1882)
- Many restrictions to where Jews could live.
- Violence
- Under Nicholas II: no.of pogroms increased significantly. 1903: 49 pogroms in Russia.
- Emigration
- Due to violent Anti-Semitism many Jews left Russia for the US and South America.
- Government saw this as a good solution to the 'Jewish problem'.
- Due to violent Anti-Semitism many Jews left Russia for the US and South America.
- Education
- Okhrana
- 'all powerful' and 'all knowing'
- Goal: to destroy subversive organisations by using extensive powers to arrest+persecute without trial.
- University Life
- University Statue (1884)
- Banned societies on campus.
- Emphasised that students should study traditional subjects.
- Banned women from higher education.
- University Statue (1884)
- Surveillance
- By 1900, had records on:
- 55,000 people.
- Collections of 5,000 revolutionary publications.
- 20,000 photos of suspected radicals.
- By 1900, had records on:
- University Life
- Sergei Zubatov: head of Okhrana (1896)
- Introduced 'Police Socialism'
- Investigated workers' complaints about abuse in factories.
- Attempted to take control of emerging unions.
- Provided sick pay and unemployment benefit.
- Introduced 'Police Socialism'
- Goal: to destroy subversive organisations by using extensive powers to arrest+persecute without trial.
- 'all powerful' and 'all knowing'
- Promotion
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