Mussolini's consolidation and dictatorship 1922-1926
- Created by: Jennifer
- Created on: 08-04-18 09:14
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- Mussolini's consolidation of power
- Parliamentary compromise & coercion
- Mussolini had two main threats the squads and his lack of parliamentary support
- appointments
- He appoints himself as foreign minister and minister of interior
- Alberto De'Stefani as minsiter of finace
- This reassured industrialists as he was orthodox
- He increased clerical pay and put crucifixes in schools
- Thus, the Vatican city support him and no longer backed the PPI leading to its leader Struizo resigning
- His Maiden speech on the 16th of November 1922
- He offered to work with Parliament if they gave him emergency powers (passed 306 to 116) as he threaten violence of 300,000 blackshirtd
- The powers meant that he could not be removed by parliament and that he had the power to govern and raise taxes without consent
- He offered to work with Parliament if they gave him emergency powers (passed 306 to 116) as he threaten violence of 300,000 blackshirtd
- This made the merge of the ANI and PNF easier in February 1923
- Controlling the PNF
- Mussolini had two main threats the squads and his lack of parliamentary support
- Formed the Fascist Grand Council in December 1922 which was a rival to the cabinet
- Made up of key fascists of Italo Blalbo and Emilio De Bano this centralized power over the PNF
- Formed the MVSN organizing the squads into a party based paramilitary force putting an end to fascist violence
- With 300,000 members who pledged alliance to Mussolini
- funded by public so they became a force within government
- Had 783,00 members by the end of 1922
- The Acerbo law & the 1924 election
- The Acerbo law was that the party that gained over 25% of the vote would gain 2/3 of the seats
- Which would give the PNF a majority as they currently only had 35 seats
- It passed in July 1923 along with the national list
- The national list was the list of members for the PR system - it convinced many liberals to join with the fascists
- this angered the radical fascists and so there was increased Blackshirt violence in Tuscany and Umbria
- The national list was the list of members for the PR system - it convinced many liberals to join with the fascists
- In the 1924 elections the fascists got 66.3% of the vote gaining 374 seats with a turnout of 64% of 7.5 million
- This was achieved due to ballot rigging, weak opposition and the national list were 150/350 were not members of the PNF
- THE PSI won 5.9% and the PCI won 3.8% with 2.2 million votes in Milan and Turin
- This shows that dispite Mussolini claims there was still a strong socialist presense
- The Acerbo law was that the party that gained over 25% of the vote would gain 2/3 of the seats
- The Matteoti Crisis (1924)
- On the 30th of May 1924 Matteoti made a 2 hour speech on fascist corruption saying that he had documents to prove it
- He was murdered then found on the 12th of June and Amergio Dumi (facist) was arrested as a witness had seen the number plate of the car
- It was unclear if Mussolini had ordered it but his involvement was obvious
- He was murdered then found on the 12th of June and Amergio Dumi (facist) was arrested as a witness had seen the number plate of the car
- Mussolini had to make concessions with the elites to stay in gov.
- Luigi Ferzani was made minister of interior
- They were both nationalists and so unhelp the constituion
- Alfedo Rocco as minister of Justice
- They were both nationalists and so unhelp the constituion
- He banned all the violence including the squads otherwise you would be kicked out of the party
- Luigi Ferzani was made minister of interior
- The Aventine secession formed on the 12th of June on Aventine hill with 100 anti-fascists deputies claiming they were the lawful government
- This backfired as it allowed for Mussolini to pass legislation as they could not oppose him
- on the 3rd of January 1925 he announces that he is the ruler of the new Italian dictatorship
- Establishing a dictatorship 1924-1926
- He gained support from the army by increasing pay and appointing the conservative Pietro Badogolio as chief general of staff
- on the 12th of January 1925 he announces a new cabinet
- Made up of only fascist
- Mussolini gave himself the role of prime minister , minister of foreign affairs , war , navy and aviation
- Farinacci was made PNF secretary in February
- He purged the party of all that opposed Mussolini
- Increased party membership from 600,00 to 938,000
- On the 4th of August 1925 Mussolini claimed that Tito Zanoni had tried to assassinate him
- Tito's party the PSU were banned
- Allowed he state to introduced a new press law which meant news had to be approved by the state
- The government decreed a law that the government had the power to sack any empolyee if their actions were considered hostile to the PNF
- 2nd of October 1925 - Palazzo Vadani Pacti
- banned all trade unions but fascist unions
- In favour of industrialists
- banned all trade unions but fascist unions
- In December 1925 the PM was change to the duce of fascism and the vote of no confidence was removed
- In January Mussolini was granted rule by decree
- On the 31st of October er 1926 following n assassination attempt all political parties but the PNF were banned
- In January Mussolini was granted rule by decree
- The special tribunal of the defense of the state was set up - where anti-fascists with no right to appeal
- All communist deputies and members of the Aventie were removed from gov. and its leader Antonio Gramsci was arrested
- Establishing a dictatorship 1924-1926
- on the 3rd of January 1925 he announces that he is the ruler of the new Italian dictatorship
- This backfired as it allowed for Mussolini to pass legislation as they could not oppose him
- On the 30th of May 1924 Matteoti made a 2 hour speech on fascist corruption saying that he had documents to prove it
- Parliamentary compromise & coercion
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