Music Listening

?
View mindmap
  • Music GCSE Listening
    • Lieder
      • Through Composed
        • Music different for each verse.
      • Strophic
        • Similar to a hymn where each verse is to the same music
      • Music set to poetry
        • Most prominent in Germany
        • Story Telling
      • Main Composers
        • Schubert (600), Beethoven, Brahms, Schumen
      • Emerged in the romantic period.
    • Pop Ballad
      • 'Ballad'
        • Earliest form= Folk Song
          • Passed down orally since the middle ages.
        • Now means a story in the form of a song, usually with romantic or sentimental lyrics.
          • Now performed for thousands of people but still maintain the intimacy of a ballad.
      • Main writers or performers
        • Paul McCartney, Elton John, Gerry Rafferty
      • Instruments
        • Acoustic Guitar, piano. Drums, strings.
          • Layers throughout.
      • Portamento, sliding up and down singing
        • Riffing, decorating
      • Backing singers sing harmony, unison, call and response and descant.
    • Classical Concerto
      • Grand concert halls across Europe.
        • Virtuoso soloist performers
          • Soloist and accompaniment, dialogue or imitation.
      • Cadenza
        • Show off, orchestra paused and soloist shows off, leads back in with a trill. Always at end of 1st mov
      • The conductor follows the soloist and the orchestra follows the conductor
        • More freedom for soloist's interpretation
        • The conductor must agree on the interpretation of the music.
      • Composers
        • Mozart, Haydn
      • 3 movements, fast, slow, fast
  • Jazz
    • Groups:
      • Jazz trio, piano, double bass, drums.
      • 'Big band': Several saxophones, trumpets, trombones, percussion.
    • Improvisation:
      • Key feature
      • Play around with short rifs, scales and chord patterns.
      • Sometimes shorter, few bars known as 'break', someone else takes over or main melody continues.
      • Musicians must listen to each other to learn their improvisation patterns.
    • Lead sheets
      • All members know their role and create a part.
    • **** singing
      • nonsense syllables
    • Head: main theme, solo: based off lead sheets, head again: lead pats his head
    • Comping
      • short melodic phrases and chords
    • Origins, New Orleans+ Chicago.
      • Alcohol banned, freed slaves... speakeasy bars, illegal, had jazz performers = jazz got a bad reputation.
  • Indian Classical
    • Earliest form of music, 1500BC.
    • Raga
      • Scale of notes used to create the melody, memorized and handed down
      • Associated with certain days or seasons
      • Developed by improvisation
      • pronounced 'rag'
    • Tala
      • Rhythm
      • First beat called a 'sam'
    • Drone
      • Repeated note, emphatic.
    • Sitar
      • string instrument= melody
    • Tanpura= drone
      • string
    • Tabla, rhythm
    • Structure
      • Opening section
        • Raga scale, sitar, no tabla, slow tempo.
      • middle sections.
        • More sense of rhythm and greater ornamentation
      • Final Section
        • Tabla enters, fixed composition, very fast towards the end, sitar and tabla have energetic dialogue.
    • Performers
      • Ravi Shankar
      • Alla Rakha
  • Gamelan
    • Pitched percussion orchestra
      • 3 elements:
        • Gongs
          • various shapes and sizes, elevated.
            • Biggest = ageing
          • Pitched to different notes.
        • Metalaphones
          • Xylophones with metal keys
          • Balinese
            • tuned in pairs of slightly different notes to create clashes.
        • Drums
          • Barrel shaped, double headed, struck with hands or beaters.
      • Instruments are made in sets and are designed to be used together.
    • Indonesian
    • No notation or conductors... players give aural signs to each other.
      • Lead usually by drummer. signals tempo and volume.
    • Characteristics
      • Developed out of one short melodic idea.
        • This is a technique called HETROPHONIC
    • Main features
      • Short melody repeated on metallophone.
      • Two types of scale
        • Five note - SLENDRO
        • Seven note - PELOG
      • Main tune called Balungan or Pokok
      • Repeated cycle called GONGAN
    • 4 sections
      • Alap, Jhor, Jhala, Gat, Bandish... tabla enters at gat.
  • Classical
    • Baroque turned into classical music
    • Balanced, equal 4 bar phrases.
      • 2 bar question 2 bar answer.
    • More gradual dynamic changes
    • Sonata form introduced.
    • Chamber music = staple
    • Binary, ternary and rondo
      • Binary = two parts
        • AABB
      • Ternary = 3 parts
        • A, perfect cadence, B modulation, A perfect cadence.
      • rondo, going round = as many parts as desired.
    • Ornaments such as trill (starting on written note, different to baroque which is the other way round)
      • Appoggiaturas, fall on to the right note.
      • Passing notes, linking notes before and after
      • mordents and turns
    • Theme and variation, changed the theme
    • Ground bass continuous bass.
    • Melodic inversion = tune upside down.
    • Retrograde = tune backwards
    • Sequencing = repeating a pattern, varying the pitch.
    • Ostinato = Over and over again.
  • The Great Choral Classics
    • Oratorio
      • Religious opera
      • Choir and orchestra, massive amount of people
      • No costume or acting
    • Opera
      • Plays set to music
      • Words to opera called liberetto
    • Handel: messiah
      • Homophonic then monophonic.
      • Melismatic
        • one word over lots of notes.
      • Syllabic
        • loads of notes to one syllable
    • Famous examples to use:
      • Jenkins: Adiemus
      • Handel: Messiah
      • Carl Orff: Carmina Burana
  • African A Capella
    • No instrumental backing
    • Usually in Churches. Normal a cappella that is.
    • Ladysmith Black Mambazo
      • Unity of the ensemble all important
        • Almost always syncopated
      • Zulu a cappella music
        • From memory
          • Allows them to sing as one.
    • 'In the style of the chapel'
    • Mbube
      • Loud and powerful
      • 'Lion'
      • High pitched lead vocals, one or two
      • Homophonic or polyphonic.
    • Isicathamiya
      • 'To tip toe'
      • Blending the voices
      • All male
      • Untitled

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Music resources:

Music
See all Music resources »See all Listening resources »