Muscular system
- Created by: mariakeenan
- Created on: 28-04-18 15:29
View mindmap
- Muscular system
- Muscle types
- Involuntary Muscles
- Smooth muscle
- Cardiac muscle
- Found only in heart
- Voluntary muscles (link)
- Skeletal muscle
- attached to the skeleton
- Skeletal muscle
- Involuntary Muscles
- Muscle fibre types
- Type I
- Speed of contraction
- Slow
- Force produced
- Low
- Resistance to fatigue
- High
- Colour
- Red
- Speed of contraction
- Type IIa
- Speed of contraction
- Fast
- Force produced
- Medium
- Resistance to fatigue
- Medium
- Colour
- Pink
- Speed of contraction
- Type IIx
- Speed of contraction
- Very fast
- Force produced
- High
- Resistance to fatigue
- Low
- Colour
- White
- Speed of contraction
- Type I
- Muscles and movement
- Isotonic contractions – these occur when a muscle contracts and changes length and there are two types:
- Isotonic concentric contraction
- This involves the muscle shortening. The origin and insertion of the muscle move closer together and the muscle becomes fatter.
- Isotonic eccentric contraction
- this involves the muscle lengthening whilst it is under tension. The origin and the insertion move further away from each other.
- An eccentric contraction provides the control of a movement on the downward phase and it works to resist the force of gravity
- this involves the muscle lengthening whilst it is under tension. The origin and the insertion move further away from each other.
- Isotonic concentric contraction
- Isometric contraction
- this involves a muscle producing tension but staying the same length. This occurs when the body is fixed in one position.
- Isotonic contractions – these occur when a muscle contracts and changes length and there are two types:
- Muscle pairs
- Muscles transfer force to bones through tendons. They move our bones and associated body parts by pulling on them – this process is called muscle contraction.
- However, muscle contraction cannot act to push the bone back into its original position, and because of this, muscles work in 'antagonistic muscle pairs'.
- One muscle of the pair contracts to move the body part, the other muscle in the pair then contracts to return the body part back to the original position.
- Muscles that work like this are called antagonistic pairs.
- One muscle of the pair contracts to move the body part, the other muscle in the pair then contracts to return the body part back to the original position.
- However, muscle contraction cannot act to push the bone back into its original position, and because of this, muscles work in 'antagonistic muscle pairs'.
- In an antagonistic muscle pair as one muscle contracts the other muscle relaxes or lengthens.
- The muscle that is contracting is called the agonist and the muscle that is relaxing or lengthening is called the antagonist.
- To allow antagonistic pairs to work efficiently, other muscles called fixators assist by supporting and stabilising the joint and the rest of the body.
- Some fixators also assist the agonist and act as a synergist.
- The trapezius muscle can act as a fixator when the biceps is flexing the elbow joint.
- The abdominals can act as fixators to stabilise the body for hip and knee movements.
- The trapezius muscle can act as a fixator when the biceps is flexing the elbow joint.
- Some fixators also assist the agonist and act as a synergist.
- Muscles transfer force to bones through tendons. They move our bones and associated body parts by pulling on them – this process is called muscle contraction.
- Muscle types
Comments
No comments have yet been made