Multistore Model of Memory

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  • Multistore Model of Memory
    • AO1
      • Sensory Register
        • Coding and Duration: Crowder (1993)
          • Retains info in visual store for only a few miliseconds
          • 2-3 seconds, auditory store: supports notion that sensory info coded into separate sensory stores
        • Capacity: Sperling (1960)
          • Flashed 3x4 grid of letters onto the screen for 1/20th of a second
          • Asked ps to recall the letters of one row
          • Ps recall of letters in the indicated row was high, suggesting info was all there originally
      • Short Term Memory
        • Capacity: Miller (1956)
          • Reviewed research, found capacity to be 7+-2 with 'chunks' being basic unit of STM
        • Duration: Peterson^2 (1959)
          • Read nonsense trigrams to ps, ps count backwards in 3s varying the periods of time
          • 90% trigrams remembered correctly at 3 seconds
          • 5% trigrams at 18 seconds
          • STM duration between 20-30 seconds
        • Encoding: Baddeley (1966)
          • 75ps presented with 1 of 4 word lists
            • Test STM: original words in wrong order
            • Test same for LTM but 20min interval before recall, ps perform other task
          • LTM lowest for semantically similar, ps got confused
          • LTM coded semantically
          • STM recall 10% for acoustically similar
      • Long Term Memory
        • Duration: Bahrick (1975)
          • 400ps shown set of photos and list of names, some familiar, asked to identify old school friends
          • 1: recognition, 2: recall
          • 1: 67% accurate
          • 2: Less than 20% accurate
          • Some LTM lasts a lifetime, some info needs cues
        • Encoding: Baddeley (1966)
          • 75ps presented with 1 of 4 word lists
            • Test STM: original words in wrong order
            • Test same for LTM but 20min interval before recall, ps perform other task
          • LTM lowest for semantically similar, ps got confused
          • LTM coded semantically
          • STM recall 10% for acoustically similar
      • Summary
        • MSM shows unitary stores of SR, STM, LTM
        • Info passes from store to store in linear way
          • Pay attention to move from SR to STM
          • Rehearsal to move from STM to LTM
        • SR
          • Coding: Sensory
          • Duration: Less than a second
          • Unlimited in capacity (Sterling)
        • STM
          • Coding: Acoustically (Baddeley)
          • Capacity: 7+-2 (Miller)
          • Duration: 18-30secs with rehearsal (Peterson^2)
        • LTM
          • Coding: Semantically (Baddeley)
          • Capacity: Unlimited
          • Duration: Lifetime (Bahrick)
    • AO3
      • Murdock: STM and LTM are separate - serial position
        • Words at beginning recalled better (primacy) LTM
        • Words at end recalled better (recency) STM
      • Peterson^2: Lab based
        • Ps learn consonant syllables
        • Lacks eco val - cannot apply to real life
      • Clive Wearing: Amnesic patients
        • STM and LTM are unitary (separate) stores
          • Lost STM but LTM intact
    • ATKINSON AND SHIFFRIN (1968)

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