Outline and Evaluation of the Multi Store Model of Memory

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  • Multi Store Model of Memory (MSM)
    • Atkinson and Shiffrin's model is a linear model which explains memory, comprimising of 3 distics separate memory stores and it is proposed that info must pass through each of these stores, to be stored.
    • Sensory register
      • Several stores; eyes, ears, nose, fingers and tongue
        • Constantly receiving info from environment, most receives no attention and remains in the sensory stores for a brief period (200 to 500 millisecond)
      • Large capacity, if a person is focused on onr of the sensory stores, then the data is transferred to the STM, attention is the first step in rememebering
    • LTM
      • If info is sufficiently rehearsed ( through maintenance rehearsal) it is able to pass into LTM
      • Unlimited store through semantic encoding
      • Info can be forgotten because memory traces can decay, 'new' info causes confusion and interferences with old info or particular cues
      • Info in LTM needs to pass back through STM
      • Model is too simplistic as research has shown different types of LTM; episodic and procedural
        • This therefore challenges the MSM as it suggests that LTM is one single store, which research contradicts
    • STM
      • Capacity of 5 to 9 items, acoustic code for 18-30 seconds
      • Easy to forget things at this stage, information will be lost within 30 seconds unless repeated or rehearsed
      • Info is lost is new info comes along and pushes out old info (displacement) or because it fades (decay)
      • Criticised for being too simplistic; KF suffered brain damage which affected his STM, they found his recall for digits read allowed was poor but when he read them himself his recall was better.
        • Challenges MSM as it shows there are different components to STM; not a single store like the MSM suggests.
    • It can be separated into 3 distinct 3 stores: Baddeley found we tend to mix up words that sound similar when using STM and mix up words that have similar meanings in LTM.
      • The coding is different, which supports the view that they're separate and independent stores
    • The case study of Clive Wearing supports the MSM; had severe from of herpes that caused brain damage and affected his hippocampus
      • Lost the ability to from new LTM memories but had a normal functioning STM, he could remember his past prior to his brain damage
        • This case study supports the MSM as it suggests STM and LTM are completely separate stores in the brain, which is in line with the MSM.

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