More Witchcraze Case Studies
- Created by: TaylorYS
- Created on: 16-05-19 17:06
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- Case Studies
- Lancaster
- Context
- Socio-Economic
- Wild and Lawless
- Poverty at the base of society
- Family Feud
- Demdike
- Elizabeth Southerns (Old Demdike), Elizabeth Device, Alizon Device, James Device, Jennet Device
- Well known for healing locals
- Chattox
- Well known for healing locals
- Demdike
- Socio-Economic
- Causes/Reasons
- Poverty
- However, other parts of England suffered similar issues without subsequent hunts
- Interpersonal Tensions
- King James
- Child Witnesses
- Jennet Device
- Gave evidence against her family, and identified those at Malkin Tower
- James suspended the rules layed out in Daemonologie
- Jennet Device
- Child Witnesses
- Poverty
- Victims
- Alizon Device
- Beggar from a poor family
- Refused charity by John Law, who subsequently suffered from a stroke
- Convinced of her own powers, confessed to bewitching him
- Questioned by Roger Nowell (experienced JP)
- Elizabeth admitted that Demdike had a 'witch's mark'
- Demdike and Chattox both confessed to Nowell
- Demdike denounced Chattox's daughter for making clay figures
- Anne Redferne
- Malkin Tower Meeting
- Organised by Elizabeth Device
- Those who attended discussed further witchcraft, and blowing up Lancaster Castle
- Elizabeth and James Device, Alice Nutter, Katherine Hewitt, John and Jane Bulcock, Alice Gray and Jennet Preston accused a trialled as a result
- Lots of neighbours came forward to confirm, and James and Chattox confessed
- Demdike denounced Chattox's daughter for making clay figures
- Demdike and Chattox both confessed to Nowell
- James said his sister had confessed to bewitching a local child
- Alizon accused Chattox of murder by witchcraft
- Anne Whittle
- Anne Redferne
- Demdike and Chattox both confessed to Nowell
- Demdike denounced Chattox's daughter for making clay figures
- Malkin Tower Meeting
- Organised by Elizabeth Device
- Those who attended discussed further witchcraft, and blowing up Lancaster Castle
- Elizabeth and James Device, Alice Nutter, Katherine Hewitt, John and Jane Bulcock, Alice Gray and Jennet Preston accused a trialled as a result
- Lots of neighbours came forward to confirm, and James and Chattox confessed
- Demdike denounced Chattox's daughter for making clay figures
- Anne Whittle
- Convinced of her own powers, confessed to bewitching him
- Anne Whittle
- Alizon Device
- The End
- Decline in Official Concern
- James I grew sceptical in the later years of his reign
- Exposed fraudulent accusations and judges
- Most accusations after Charles I took over were thrown out due to lack of evidence
- James I grew sceptical in the later years of his reign
- Decline in Official Concern
- Context
- North Berwick
- Context
- Prior Witchunting
- Witchcraft Act 1563 (Passed by Protestant Government)
- Death in all cases of witchcraft
- Saw no major increase in witchunting
- Witchcraft Act 1563 (Passed by Protestant Government)
- Religious
- Reformation
- Calvinists seized power in the 1560s
- Uneasy coexistence in Scotland between Catholics and Protestants
- Presbyteries > Bishops in terms of influence
- Looked to God and the Kirk for authority
- The Kirk saw witchcraft as evil, but it took until the late 1580s for the General Assembly to convince that they needed to be prosecuted to form a godly state
- Reformation
- Legal System
- Types of Court
- Judiciary
- Highest Court
- Circuit
- Held in shires by central court judges
- Regality
- Devolved from the crown to try serious crimes
- Judiciary
- Torture legal if approved by the Privy Council
- Types of Court
- Socio-Economic
- Largely rural society
- Small, scattered towns
- Subsistence farming
- Harvest failures in the late 16th century resulted in famines
- Largely rural society
- Prior Witchunting
- King James VI
- Lonely and dangerous childhood
- Grew up with a strong aversion to Catholicism
- Position in th 1580s/90s was insecure, with rebellion led by the Earls of Huntly and Bothwell
- Anne of Denmark
- It is unlikely that James' obsession with the devil came from his stay in Denmark
- However whilst sailing to Scotland, the royal fleet was hit by storms, thought to be weather magic
- It is unlikely that James' obsession with the devil came from his stay in Denmark
- Victims
- Gilly Duncan
- Young maid servant, accused of witchcraft due to frequent overnight abscences
- Torture and the discovery of a 'devil's mark' led to confession, and 70 denunciations
- Included a mix of men and women
- Gilly Duncan
- Causes/Reasons
- East Lothian local hunt
- Context
- Boy of Burton
- John Darrell
- Arrested for false exorcisms
- Female stereotype
- Child Testimony
- John Darrell
- Gunter Case
- Against patriarchal society
- Child testimony
- Witchcraft Acts
- England
- 1542
- Capital offence to practice witchcraft
- 1563
- Death penalty for killing
- Injuring, damaging/stealing goods led to imprisonment (first offence) then death (second offence)
- 1604
- Injury became a capital offence on first offence, as well as using dead bodies for witchcraft
- 1542
- Scotland
- 1563 Statute
- Death in all cases of witchcraft
- Much harsher than England
- 1591
- Newes from Scotland
- More evidence was accepted
- 1563 Statute
- England
- Lancaster
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