Mood Disorders

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  • Created by: Syrena123
  • Created on: 11-01-21 00:26
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  • Mood disorders
    • DSM 5: Major Depressive Disorder
      • Major depressive episode =        2 weeks of at least 5 symptoms
      • At least 1 of these symptoms:   Depressed mood or Loss of pleasure
      • Subclinical symptoms (between episodes)
      • With mixed features manic symptoms but not full criteria for manic episode
      • With anxious distress-   anxiety, and     effects prognosis, options for treatment and response
      • Persistent depressive disorder (Dysthymia)
        • Feelings can last for years
        • Stronger predictor poorer outcome in recovery
        • High mortality - suicide
        • Other diagnoses
          • Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder- Tapia et al., 2018). 
            • Temper outbursts (verbal/ behaviour)
            • At least 3 times a week and persists 12 months
            • Age 6-18 only (onset before 10yrs)
          • Premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD)
            • Most severe form of PMS
            • Severe irritability, depression or anxiety  between 2 weeks before + 3 days after start of the period
      • Comorbidity
        • Substance misuse
        • Health Problems
        • Anxiety Disorders
      • Deep brain stimulation relieves  depressive symptoms in Treatment Resistant Depression
    • Bipolar and related
      • 3 types
        • Bipolar I = at least one episode of mania during lifetime (>1week)
        • Bipolar II = at least one episode of major depression & hypomania (mild/moderate mania, less impairing)
        • Cyclothymic disorder = Chronic (at least 2 years) – alternating mild depression and hypomania
      • DSM 5: manic & hypomanic symptoms
        • Abnormal levels of behaviour:
      • Mania vs Hypomania
        • Manic episode : Symptoms 1 wk/require hospitalisation
          • Significant impairment/distress
        • Hypomanic episode: Symptoms >4 days
          • Observable changes in functioning
          • No psychotic symptoms
      • Less prevalent than major depression E.g. Bipolar I: 0.6%
        • Equal prevalence men/women
      • Av. age onset < 25yrs
      • Genetic factors more influential in bipolar = highly heritable - 85% (McGuffin et al. 2003)
    • The Monoamine Hypothesis says...
      • Dopamine, serotonin & norapinephrine
        • Decreases depression
        • Increase in MANIA
    • Treatments
      • Depression
        • SSRI’s (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors)
        • Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
        • Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
          • 2-3 treatments/wkfor 2-4 weeks
          • Altering neurotransmitter function
          • Reduces ‘hyperconnectivity’
        • CBT
      • Bipolar
        • Lithium - 80% effective
        • Anticonvulsants and Antipsychotics
        • CBT- Importance of engagement
        • Family-focused & group therapies

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