Introduction to biological molecules

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  • Biological molecules
    • What is a monomer?
      • A small, basic molecular unit that builds a polymer
      • Formed by a hydrolysis reaction- the breaking of covalent bonds between two monomers with the addition of water
    • What is a polymer?
      • A large, complex molecule, composed of multiple monomers
      • Formed by a condensation reaction- The formation of a covalent bond between two monomers with the release of water
      • Polymer
        • Polysaccharide
          • Polypeptides and proteins
            • Nucleic acids
              • Nucleotides
            • Amino-acids
              • Nucleotides
          • Monosaccharide
    • Nucleic acids and ATP
      • DNA
        • Double Helix structure
        • Base pairs
          • 4 base pairs
            • Adenine
            • Guanine
            • cytosine
            • thymine
              • contain nitrogen
                • Guanine
                • Adenine
                • cytosine
        • Monomer nucleotydes/mononucleotyde
          • made from phosphate, sugar molecule and one of 4 bases
        • in the nucleus
        • contains the genetics
        • inherited characteristics
        • contains the code for protein
        • Deoxyribonucleic acid
      • RNA
        • involved in making protein
        • the bases run in triplets
        • copy of  single DNA cell
        • 3 molecules
          • ribose sugar
          • phosphate
          • base
            • adenine
            • cytosine
            • Guanine
            • Untitled
      • ATP
        • energy
        • adenosine triphosphate
        • energy is made by breaking bonds between the phosphates which makes it ADP
          • ADP- Adenosine diphosphate
          • Regenerating ATP-> condensation reaction, phosphorylation
      • Respiration
        • Energy is released from glucose (respiration) provides reusable energy for...
          • Active transport
          • Secretion(Exotytosis)
          • cell replication (DNA)
          • Protein synthesis
        • How is energy made?
          • ATP
            • energy
            • adenosine triphosphate
            • energy is made by breaking bonds between the phosphates which makes it ADP
              • ADP- Adenosine diphosphate
              • Regenerating ATP-> condensation reaction, phosphorylation
    • Mole
      • number of moles = mass divided by relative formula
    • Bonds
      • ionic= 1 metal, 1 non metal, giving electrons
      • Covalent= 2 non metals, sharing electrons
      • Metallic= 2 metals
    • mass number
      • number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
  • Monomer
  • Molecule
    • Mixture of 2 or more atoms(same or different)
    • Biological molecules
      • What is a monomer?
        • A small, basic molecular unit that builds a polymer
        • Formed by a hydrolysis reaction- the breaking of covalent bonds between two monomers with the addition of water
      • What is a polymer?
        • A large, complex molecule, composed of multiple monomers
        • Formed by a condensation reaction- The formation of a covalent bond between two monomers with the release of water
        • Polymer
          • Polysaccharide
            • Polypeptides and proteins
              • Nucleic acids
                • Amino-acids
                • Monosaccharide
          • Nucleic acids and ATP
            • DNA
              • Double Helix structure
              • Base pairs
                • 4 base pairs
                  • thymine
                    • contain nitrogen
                • Monomer nucleotydes/mononucleotyde
                  • made from phosphate, sugar molecule and one of 4 bases
                • in the nucleus
                • contains the genetics
                • inherited characteristics
                • contains the code for protein
                • Deoxyribonucleic acid
              • RNA
                • involved in making protein
                • the bases run in triplets
                • copy of  single DNA cell
                • 3 molecules
                  • ribose sugar
                  • phosphate
                  • base
                    • adenine
                    • cytosine
                    • Guanine
                    • Untitled
              • Respiration
                • Energy is released from glucose (respiration) provides reusable energy for...
                  • Active transport
                  • Secretion(Exotytosis)
                  • cell replication (DNA)
                  • Protein synthesis
                • How is energy made?
              • Mole
                • number of moles = mass divided by relative formula
              • Bonds
                • ionic= 1 metal, 1 non metal, giving electrons
                • Covalent= 2 non metals, sharing electrons
                • Metallic= 2 metals
              • mass number
                • number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus
          • The relative formula mass of a compound is calculated by adding together the relative atomic mass values for all the atoms in its formula. Moles are units used to measure substance amount.
            • Isotopes
              • 2 elements with different number of neutrons but same number of protons

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