Monoclonal Antibodies

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  • Created by: India.02
  • Created on: 03-05-19 11:39
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  • Monoclonal Antibodies
    • Process
      • 1. Antibodies are produced by B-lymphocytes - a type of white blood cell
      • 2. Monoclonal antibodies are produced from lots of clones of a single white blood cell - this means all the antibodies are identical and will only target one specific protein antigen
      • 3. However, you can't just grab the lymphocyte that made the antibody and grow more - lymphocytes don't divide very easily
      • 4. Tumour cells, on the other hand, don't produce antibodies but divide lots - grown easily
      • 5. It's possible to fuse a mouse B-lymphocyte with a tumour cell to create a cell called a hybridoma
      • 6. Hybridoma cells can be cloned to get lots of identical cells. These cells all produce the same antibodies (monoclonal antibodies) - antibodies can be collected and purified
      • 7. You can make monoclonal antibodies that can bind to anything you want - they only bind to the target molecule - target a specific cell or chemical in the body
    • Pregnancy Tests
      • 1. The bit of the stick that you pee on has some antibodies to the hormone, with blue beads attached
      • 2. The test ***** (bit that turns blue if pregnant) has some more antibodies to the hormone stuck onto it - so they can't move
      • 3. If you're pregnant - the hormone binds to the antibodies on the blue beads - the urine moves up the stick, carrying the hormone and the beads - the beads and hormone bind to the antibodies on the ***** - so the blue beads get stuck on the *****, turning it blue
      • 4. If not pregnant - the urine moves up the stick, carrying the blue beads - but there's nothing to stick the blue beads onto the test *****, so it doesn't go blue

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