TECTONICS - Modification of event, vulnerability and loss incomplete

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  • Modifying the event, vulnerability and loss.
    • EVENT
      • LAND-USE ZONING
        • Preventing building on coasts, close to volcanoes and areas of high danger.
        • Cheap, and removes risks.
        • requires strict rules and prevents coastal tourism eg.
      • ASEISMIC BUILDINGS
        • Cross-bracing, counter weights, deep foundations to prevent earthquake damage.
        • prevents collapse, protects people + property
        • High cost for large structures, older buildings + low income homes unprotected.
      • TSUNAMI DEFENCES
        • sea walls and breakwaters to prevent waves travelling landwards.
        • reduces damage, provides security
        • can be overtopped, very expensive, ugly, and reduces coastal use.
      • LAVA DIVERSION
        • Channels, barriers, water-cooling systems.
        • diverts lava away from people, cheap
        • only works for low VEI + viscous lava, killer volcanoes not of this type.
    • VULNERABILITY
      • HIGH-TECH SCI MONITORING
        • monitors volcano behaviour and predicts eruptions
        • predicting eruptions is mostly possible. warnings and evacuations save lives.
        • costly (developing countries not monitored), may suffer from 'cry wolf syndrome', does not prevent property damage.
      • COMMUNITYPREPAREDNESS AND EDUCATION
        • earthquake kits, prep days and school education.
        • low cost and implemented by IGO's. can save lives
        • does not prevent property damage, and hard to implement in rural areas.
      • ADAPTATION
        • Moving out of harms way by relocating to safe areas.
        • would save both lives AND property
        • high population densities prevents it, disrupts traditions in homes.
    • LOSS
      • SHORT TERM EMERGENCY AID
        • search and rescue followed by emergency food, water and shelter
        • reduces death toll, keeps people alive until long term aid comes.
        • high costs and difficulties for isolated areas. emergency services are limited in developing countries
      • LONG TERM AID
        • reconstruction plans to rebuild and improve resilience
        • can build in resilience through land-use planning and better construction methods
        • very expensive, needs are forgotten by media after initial disaster
      • INSURANCE
        • Compensation given to replace loss
        • allows economic recovery to pay for reconstruction
        • does not save lives, and few people in developing world have insurance.

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