Parent and daughter cells
- Created by: Steff06
- Created on: 06-04-16 12:11
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- MITOSIS and cell cycle:
- Daughter cells produced must be able to carry out the same function as the parent cell.
- Chromosomes are in the nucleus of EUKARYOTIC cells. Chromosomes contain molecules of DNA which contains genes. Chromsomes hold INSTRUCTIONS for making new cells.
- The DNA that makes each chromosome are wrapped around proteins called HISTONES. DNA and histon proteins together are called CHROMATIN.
- Before a cell can divide to produce 2 daughter cells, the DNA must be replicated. 2 replicas are produced. Each is an EXACT copy of the original and they reain held together at the CENTROMERE.
- The replicas are called a PAIR of SISTER CHROMATIDS. When separated from each other, each will end up as a new daughter cell.
- Chromatin coils to form VISIBLE CHROMOSOMES. At this stage, chromosomes can take up stains and viewed under a light microscope.
- If the genes are not copied precisely, the resulting MUTATIONS may mean the new cells FAIL to function.
- Factors affecting the speed of the cycle are the SPECIES, cell TYPE, availability of NUTRIENTS.
- Cell cycle is divided into stages:
- INTERPHASE which includes the S PHASE and GROWTH phase.
- S phase = DNA REPLICATES. Growth phase = Proteins, organelles + other components are made.
- MITOSIS - The nucleus DIVIDED and chromatids SEPARATE.
- Mitosis is only a small part of the cell cycle.
- CYTOKINESIS - The cytoplasm DIVIDES/CLEAVES.
- INTERPHASE which includes the S PHASE and GROWTH phase.
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