Milgram's experiment, variations and evaluation (both)
- Created by: ashbrook.niamh
- Created on: 01-03-20 16:57
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- Milgram's research
- 40 male Americans, voulnteer sample, were always the "teacher" in the experiment
- were told they could leave if they wanted to, though they were told things such as "the study requires you to continue" in the experiment
- they were to give an electric shock each time the learner got a question wrong
- 15 volts - 450 volts (***)
- gradual commitment
- at 300 volts the learner stopped responding
- gradual commitment
- they could not see the confederate, they were pretending to receive shocks and scream stop
- 15 volts - 450 volts (***)
- findings
- 12.5% stopped at 300 volts
- 65% shocked up to 450 volts
- 3 participants had seizures
- observed extreme signs of tension
- 14 psychology students predicted only 3% would shock to 450V
- Evaluation
- lab experiment
- can control for extraneous variables
- high in internal validity
- artificial siutation is created
- difficult to apply findings to real life situations
- can control for extraneous variables
- biased sample
- androcentric, only used men
- difficult to generalise to women
- use of volunteer sample, only helpful people will have applied
- not representative of the American population, not all have "volunteer personalities"
- androcentric, only used men
- protection of participants
- exposed to visibly stressful situations
- potential for psychological harm
- however, they were debriefed after and their stress levels declined
- potential for psychological harm
- exposed to visibly stressful situations
- lab experiment
- variations
- proximity
- the participant and the confederate were in the same room
- obedience dropped to 40%
- the participant had to force the confederates hand onto an electric shock plate
- obedience dropped to 30%
- "touch proximity"
- the participant and the confederate were in the same room
- location
- experiment conducted in a run down building rather than Yale
- obedience dropped to 47%
- experiment conducted in a run down building rather than Yale
- uniform
- the confederate wore regular clothes rather than a lab coat
- conformity dropped to 20%
- the confederate wore regular clothes rather than a lab coat
- proximity
- evaluation of the variations
- research support from a field experiment
- Bickman, 3 confederates in different outfits, people more likely to obey if they looked like they have authority
- uniform has an affect on obedience
- Bickman, 3 confederates in different outfits, people more likely to obey if they looked like they have authority
- control
- Milgram controlled each factor at a time to see how they would individually affect obedience
- lack of internal validity
- many participants realised the experiments were fake
- e.g replaced by a member of the public
- many participants realised the experiments were fake
- generalisability
- Miranda et al found an obedience rate of over 90% in Spanish students
- though Milgram didn't test this himself, his results can be applied to other cultures
- Miranda et al found an obedience rate of over 90% in Spanish students
- research support from a field experiment
- 40 male Americans, voulnteer sample, were always the "teacher" in the experiment
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