Milgram (1963)
- Created by: Nikki189
- Created on: 07-05-15 19:22
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- Milgram (1963)
- Context + Aims
- Obedience can be behaviour which can override sympathy, moral and ethics
- Obedience refers to a type of social influence
- In response to a direct order from perceived authority
- Interested in Nazi Germany
- Influenced by Adorno (1950)
- More likely to be obedient if brought up by authoritative figure
- Questionnaire to measure authoritairian personalities
- F-Scale
- Interested in the social psychological factors - holocaust
- Aimed at better understanding of human obedience
- Concerned with destructive obedience
- Obedience? even if known pain inflicted on others
- Aim to replicate situations like holocaust
- How many people would deliver potentially fatal shocks
- because of authoritative figure orders
- Procedures
- P's recruited through deceptive newspaper advert
- "volunteers on memory"
- 40 men
- 20-50yrs
- jobs- unskilled to school teachers and engineers
- designed to increased anxiety
- Yale- prestigious
- Experimenter wore lab coat
- Seems intelligent
- Therefore important
- Seems intelligent
- Introduced to Mr. Wallace
- Confederate
- Teacher and learner
- Saw confederate get strapped to a chair
- Connected to electrodes
- Heart issue announced
- Connected to electrodes
- P unable to see wallace during the study
- Communicated over intercom
- Read pairs of words. Techer read out word
- Learner had to match the word
- if correct-moved on
- if iwrong- electric shock
- Every new wrong- higher shock
- if iwrong- electric shock
- if correct-moved on
- Learner had to match the word
- 15volts-450volts
- after 180- learner stated that he cant handle it
- 270 volys-scremed
- 300 volts silence
- 270 volys-scremed
- after 180- learner stated that he cant handle it
- throughout verbal prods given if the p resisted
- debriefed afterwards
- P's recruited through deceptive newspaper advert
- Findings + Conclusions
- 100% - 300v
- 65% - 450v
- 35% stopped between 300-330v
- 3 people seized
- 1 violently convulsed
- 14 had nervous laughter and smiling
- p's sweated, trembled and stuttered
- follow up questionnaire from 92%
- 84% glad to take part
- 15% neutral
- 80%-wanted more experiments like this to be carried out
- 74% felt that they learnt personal importance
- Germans arent so different
- People obey orders because of the situation that they are in
- P's felt that they had no choice
- Contributory factors
- took place at Yale- prestigious
- P's felt under obligation because they where paid
- thinks its a chance consequence that is teacher not learner.
- Unusual setting
- P's given little time to think about their actions
- Methodology
- Sample
- Andocentric
- Ethnocentric
- small sample size
- small age range
- all must have a similar personality to volunteer
- Ethics
- psychological harm
- some physical harm
- deception
- not really aloud a RTW (difficult)
- Validity
- Controlly- good IntVal
- No demand characteristics
- Lacks mundane realism
- ethnocentric
- low ecological valifity
- Reliability
- easily repeated because controlled
- internally reliable - lab experiment
- +Hofling et al
- -Kilham and mann
- Sample
- Alternative Research
- Hofling et al- obedience in hospital. 21/22 obeyed. Nuses. Overdose.Fake doctor. Percieved authority, distructive behaviour
- Luttke summaried findings of milgrams replications. destructive obedience. different room-> more likely to obey
- Kilham and Mann- lower obedience rate in AUS men-40%, women-16%. obedience not universal
- Burley and McGuiness. 50% obeyed in UK students. Obedience not universal
- Context + Aims
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