Milgram- Obedience (A01)
- Created by: MollyL20
- Created on: 18-09-20 16:38
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- Milgram-1974
- Aim
- How far would people go in obeying an instruction if it involved harming others
- To test the 'Germans are different'
- To test the dispositional vs situational
- Method
- Volunteers were recruited through a newspaper advert which asked for males of all ages, ethnicities and cultures
- There were 40 participants between 20-50 whose jobs ranged from unskilled to professional from the New Haven area
- They were introduced to another participant who was a confederate of the experiment. The confederate was always the learner when they took a drae
- In one room, the learner was strapped into a chair with electrodes on his arms and then the other with the teacher, the experimenter who wore a lab coat.
- Every time the learner got a question wrong, the teacher was required to shock the learner from 15V to 450V. The shocks of course weren't real
- When the teacher refused to give a shock, the experimenter was given prods to ensure they continued. There were 4 prods
- Prod 1: Please continue Prod 2: The experiment requires you to continue Prod 3: It is absolutely essential you continue Prod 4: You have no other choice, you must go on
- Results
- Milgram predicted that 2% of the participants would go up to 450V
- 65% shocked all the way up to 450V and 100% shocked up to 300V
- Qualitative data was also collected such as observations
- The participants showed signs of extreme tension; such as sweating, trembling, stuttering, biting their lip, groaning and digging their nails into their hands
- Three even had seizures
- The participants showed signs of extreme tension; such as sweating, trembling, stuttering, biting their lip, groaning and digging their nails into their hands
- Conclusion
- Ordinary people like to follow orders given by an authority figure, even to the extent of killing an innocent human being
- Obedience to authority is ingrained into us all because of the way we have been brought up
- Evaluation (Breif)
- Low internal validity- Orne and Holland argued that the participants knew that the shocks werrent real
- However, Sheridan and King (1972) conducted a similar experiment with puppies. 54% of males and 10% of females delivered fatal shocks
- Suggests that Milgram's study is reliable. He also said the 70% of participants believed they were real
- However, Sheridan and King (1972) conducted a similar experiment with puppies. 54% of males and 10% of females delivered fatal shocks
- Deception- the participants actually thought that they were shocking someone
- Argued that some deception was needed to allow for accurate, unbiased results
- Low internal validity- Orne and Holland argued that the participants knew that the shocks werrent real
- Aim
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