Milgram Summary
- Created by: EmilyRoseC
- Created on: 21-01-17 19:03
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- Milgram
- Background
- Milgram was interested in obedience during the Holocaust
- Investigate destructive obedience
- Explanations
- Obedience
- Sponsored and took place at Yale
- Learner answered so they seemed willing
- Thought learner was a volunteer
- Paid so they felt obligated
- Fake aim seemed worthy
- There wasn't clarity about expectations
- Told it wasn't dangerous
- Volunteered so they were obligated
- Thought they had chance to be learner
- Tension
- Had to respond to experimenter and learner demands
- Both demands were different
- Had little time for reflection
- Conflict being not harming and being obedient
- Obedience
- Sample
- Paid $4.50 for taking part
- 40 males between 20-50
- Self-selected sample through newspaper
- Results
- Sweat, bit lips, trembled, stuttered
- Typically showed extreme tension
- 14 had nervous laughter
- 65% reached 450V
- 3 had uncontrollable seizures
- All participants reached 300V
- When stopping comments showed agitation and anger --> "this is crazy"
- Procedure
- Instructions
- Say the voltage before administering it --> remind participant of increasing intensity
- Administer shock with every wrong answer and increase it by 15V each time
- Feedback
- Experimenter prods
- "It is absolutely essential that you continue"
- "You have no other choice, you must go on"
- "The experiment requires that you continue"
- Told there would be no permanent damage and they should continue
- "Please continue"
- Learner feedback
- Told to wait 5-10 secs then treat silence as wrong answer
- At 315V didn't answer but kicked wall again. No further feedback after
- At 300V kicked the wall
- Experimenter prods
- Task
- Learner pressed switch to indicate original second word
- Teacher reads series of word pairs then 1st word in the pair along with four others
- If it's wrong then they get shocked, there was a predetermined order of right and wrong
- Ending
- The participant and learner reconcile and the tension lowers, so the participant leaves in a good state
- Told the true aim
- If they ended before 450V then they were a defiant participant
- Arrival
- Learner's wrist attached to electrode with electrode paste --> avoid burns
- Taken to another room and the learner was put into the electric chair
- Learner told that shocks can be painful but don't cause permanent tissue damage
- Said aim was to find effect of punishment on learning
- It involved one naíve participant and the learner (part of the team)
- Both drew slips from hat, rigged as both said teacher and the participant chose first
- Generator
- 30 switches going up in 15V (15-450)
- Every 4 had another label --> slightly shock, moderate shock, strong shock, very strong shock, intense shock, extreme intensity, danger: severe shock, ***
- Instructions
- Conclusions
- This is a situation that produces extremely strong tendencies to obey
- The situation generates extraordinary tension and emotional strain
- Background
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