Impacts of global governance on development: Afghanistan (LIDC)

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  • Created by: Katariina
  • Created on: 17-12-21 12:15
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  • Impacts of global governance of human rights on development: Afghanistan (LIDC)
    • Opportunities (stability, growth, development)
      • Develop-mental improve-ments
        • GDP in 2001 = $2.9 bn, in 2014 = $19 bn
        • Life expectancy in 2001 = 55 yrs, 2014 = 60 yrs
        • IMR decreased by 33%
      • Stability
        • Political stability
          • Creation of the Independent Election Commission (IOC) to promote free elections
        • UNAMA was established to promote peace & protect civilians
      • Economic growth
        • USAID
          • $110 billion in aid, bi-lateral links stimulate economy
          • 100,000 micro-credit loans: kick-start local businesses
        • AfghanAid (NGO)
          • Promoted economic growth in rural areas (bottom-up development)
            • Trained 13,000 women in tailoring, helped set up 5,800 cottage industries
      • Social development
        • Education
          • The Ministry of Education has built 9,000 new schools = increased literacy rates = break the cycle of poverty
          • USAID trained 50,000 teachers, provided 76 million textbooks
        • Health
          • UNICEF & NGOs work to reduce MMR and IMR rates (MDG 5)
        • Women's rights
          • Efforts to promote women's human rights = EVAW laws
    • Challenges (inequality, injustice)
      • Inequalities
        • Economic
          • Rural-urban economic divide. 87% of poverty is concentrated in rural regions
          • Between 2011-15 the poorest 20% saw 2% decline per capita in income, richest 20% saw 9% increase
        • Social
          • entrenched 'cultural norms': governance can build schools, but can prevent girls' access (esp rural)
          • 38% of children don't go to school (highest in rural)
        • Gender
          • widespread gender inequality: 90% of women illiterate, girls attend school for 1.2 yrs on avg
          • Lack of access to schooling (girls) = cycle of poverty (dependent on men)
      • Injustice
        • Violence against women: 87% of women experience violence + forced marriages
        • Free speech: 68 attacks on journalists in 2015
        • Discrimi-nation: women account for 4% of judges, 20% teachers, high profile women face persecution (MPs)

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