Impacts of global governance on development: Afghanistan (LIDC)
- Created by: Katariina
- Created on: 17-12-21 12:15
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- Impacts of global governance of human rights on development: Afghanistan (LIDC)
- Opportunities (stability, growth, development)
- Develop-mental improve-ments
- GDP in 2001 = $2.9 bn, in 2014 = $19 bn
- Life expectancy in 2001 = 55 yrs, 2014 = 60 yrs
- IMR decreased by 33%
- Stability
- Political stability
- Creation of the Independent Election Commission (IOC) to promote free elections
- UNAMA was established to promote peace & protect civilians
- Political stability
- Economic growth
- USAID
- $110 billion in aid, bi-lateral links stimulate economy
- 100,000 micro-credit loans: kick-start local businesses
- AfghanAid (NGO)
- Promoted economic growth in rural areas (bottom-up development)
- Trained 13,000 women in tailoring, helped set up 5,800 cottage industries
- Promoted economic growth in rural areas (bottom-up development)
- USAID
- Social development
- Education
- The Ministry of Education has built 9,000 new schools = increased literacy rates = break the cycle of poverty
- USAID trained 50,000 teachers, provided 76 million textbooks
- Health
- UNICEF & NGOs work to reduce MMR and IMR rates (MDG 5)
- Women's rights
- Efforts to promote women's human rights = EVAW laws
- Education
- Develop-mental improve-ments
- Challenges (inequality, injustice)
- Inequalities
- Economic
- Rural-urban economic divide. 87% of poverty is concentrated in rural regions
- Between 2011-15 the poorest 20% saw 2% decline per capita in income, richest 20% saw 9% increase
- Social
- entrenched 'cultural norms': governance can build schools, but can prevent girls' access (esp rural)
- 38% of children don't go to school (highest in rural)
- Gender
- widespread gender inequality: 90% of women illiterate, girls attend school for 1.2 yrs on avg
- Lack of access to schooling (girls) = cycle of poverty (dependent on men)
- Economic
- Injustice
- Violence against women: 87% of women experience violence + forced marriages
- Free speech: 68 attacks on journalists in 2015
- Discrimi-nation: women account for 4% of judges, 20% teachers, high profile women face persecution (MPs)
- Inequalities
- Opportunities (stability, growth, development)
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