Methods of Control 1855-1945

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  • Created by: 15mkooner
  • Created on: 03-02-22 09:29
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  • Methods of Control 1855-1945
    • The Secret Police
      • Alexander II used 'The Third Section' until 1880
        • The Third Section was replaced by the Okhrana in 1880. Which was clearly not effective seeing as he was assassinated in 1881.
        • Alexander III and Nicholas II continued use of the Okhrana
        • Okhrana lasted until 1917 February Revolution - PG did not want to continue with an institution that was clearly hated by the Russian people.
      • CHEKA
        • Cheka was later replaced by less brutal United State Police Administration (OGPU) in 1924.
        • December 1917 - Lenin established the Cheka - used vitally throughout War Communism and Russian Civil War (1917-21)
      • People's Commissariat for Internal affairs (NKVD) in 1934
        • Relentless in clamping down opposition through show trials and purges.
    • The Army
      • Alexander III used troops to enforce Russification
      • Used by Nicholas II to control worker's protests
      • Military Revolution Committee (MRC) was encouraged by Bolsheviks to become the 'Vanguard' of the October Revolution.
        • MRC merged with the Red Guard to form the core of Trotsky's 'Red Amy'
      • Stalin continued to use the Red Army for grain requisition  and also to administer the purges.
    • Propaganda
      • Nicholas II used portraits, pamphleteering, photographs and events to increase his popularity, particularly after 1905.
      • Used masterfully by the Communists e.g: Slogans (Bread, Peace Land), Cult of Personality, publication of party newspapers and promotion of 'movements' e.g: Stakhanovitism
    • Censorship
      • Alexander III restricted the press, literature, shut down 14 major newspapers.
      • Enforced strictly under the Communists with the establishment of Association of Proletarian Writers and 'Official' newspapers e.g: Pravda

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