methods for financial improvement during personal rule

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  • Methods for financial improvement during Personal Rule
    • ORDINARY REVENUE
      • Crown Lands
        • 1630: commission for Defective Titles set up to examine titles + leases of Crown tenants
        • 1634: judicial enquiry set up to detect + fine for any encroachment by farmers / landowners on royal forests
        • 1635: second Commission for defective titles
      • Feudal Duties
        • Feudal law- all men owning freehold land worth £40 or more per year had to take a title of knighthood - they had to pay
        • 1630- commission set up to contact all who had failed to do so + arrange for compliance / a fine
        • raised £165,000 by 1635
      • Monopolies
        • sale of monopolies renewed through loopholes in 1624 act against them
        • exploited by courtiers + King
        • Charles sold the same monopolies to different groups E.G. a license to the East India company resold to a rival group
      • Justice
        • fines and court fees
        • increased by new offences like proclamations restricting buildings around London
        • buildings were allowed to stand on payment of fines from owners + fees from tradesmen
    • CUSTOMS DUTIES
      • Tunnage and Poundage
        • declaration issued in 1630 of King's right to levy customs duties despite parliamentary refusal of grant
        • duties continued to be levied throughout Personal Rule + value rose significantly with increased trade
      • New Impositions
        • introduced by Elizabeth and James I
        • levied as usual producing £53,091 per year 1631-35
        • produced £119,583 per year from 1636-41
    • DIRECT TAXES
      • Normally granted by parliament so not applicable
      • Tenths and Fifteenths = N/A
      • Subsidies = N/A
      • Poll tax = N/A
      • Ship Money
        • levied from coastal areas in 1634, extended to inland areas in 1635
        • levied each year after 1635, yielding an average of £107,000 per year 1635-40
        • all this was done without consulting parliament

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