Memory: Multi Store Model
- Created by: neleanor
- Created on: 03-04-15 12:44
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- Memory: Multi Store Model
- Miller (1956)
- Capacity of STM
- Digit Span Test
- Series of digits to recall in order.
- List got progressively longer.
- Number of digits successfully recalled without mistakes recorded.
- Majority of participants recalled between 5 and 9 digits
- Capacity of the STM is 7+-2 pieces of information
- Can remember more through chunking information
- Capacity of the STM is 7+-2 pieces of information
- EVALUATION
- Lacks ecological validity-> artificial environment -> can't generalise
- Applications to real life -> things 5-9 digits like phone numbers
- Peterson & Peterson (1959)
- Duration of STM
- 24 uni students given trigrams to remember
- Distractor task immediately after to prevent rehearsal
- Recall of trigram tested after 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, & 18 seconds
- Distractor task immediately after to prevent rehearsal
- 90% of trigrams recalled after 3 seconds // 2% of trigrams recalled after 18 seconds
- Without rehearsal information quickly displaced
- Duration about 20 seconds
- EVALUATION
- Lacks ecological validity -> artificial environment -> can't generalise
- Lacks population validity -> all uni students -> can't generalise
- Primary-Recency Effect
- Ebbinghaus
- List of words read, asked to recall
- First and last words recalled best
- List of words read, asked to recall
- Glanzer and Cunitz
- Distraction task just after list read
- Recall of last words just as bad as middle words
- Distraction task just after list read
- First words remembered due to rehearsal time, last words due to still being in STM
- Ebbinghaus
- Bahrick et al (1975)
- Duration of VLTM
- 392 American ex-high school students aged 17-74
- Recall tested by: 1) Free recall 2) Photo recognition 3) Name recognition 4) Name and photo matching
- 90% face/name after 34 years, 80% name after 48 years, 40% face after 48 years, 60% free recall after 15 years, 30% free recal after 30 years
- VLTM exists, retrieval cues better than free recall
- EVALUATION
- Few demand characteristics & high ecological validity -> natural experiment -> can generalise
- Baddeley (1966)
- How STM and LTM encode
- Four word lists: 1)Acoustically similar 2)Acoustically dissimilar 3)Semantically similar 4)Semanitcally dissimilar
- 12 sets of five words from their list, recall words in order
- Either recalled immediately or after timed delay
- 12 sets of five words from their list, recall words in order
- Recalling immediately most mistakes when acoustically similar (10% correct)
- Recalling after delay: Most mistakes when semantically similar
- STM acoustically LTM semantically
- EVALUATION
- High internal validity -> lab experiment -> all variables controlled -> results less effected
- Low ecological validity -> artificial setting -> can't generalise
- Clive Wearing- Case Study
- Contracted Herpes Simplex that attacked his brain which meant he is unable to store new memories or recall old ones
- Now has almost total amnesia
- He can't transfer memories from STM to LTM
- 'Wakes up' every 30 seconds or so
- He can't transfer memories from STM to LTM
- Can't remember his children's names
- Still loves his second wife, but every time he sees her he greets hawe as if they haven't seen each other foryears
- Can still play the piane and conduct a choir but can't recall his education
- His procedual memory was not damaged
- Now has almost total amnesia
- EVALUATION
- Supports MSM- duration of STM
- Condraticts MSM- multiple LTM stores
- Case study -> look at things unable to ethical do otherwise
- Case study -> only one person -> low population validity -> can't genenralse
- Contracted Herpes Simplex that attacked his brain which meant he is unable to store new memories or recall old ones
- Sensory: Pay attention to get to -
- Short Term: Rehearse to get to -
- Long Term
- Short Term: Rehearse to get to -
- Miller (1956)
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