Memory: Eyewitness Testimony (1)
- Created by: neleanor
- Created on: 04-05-15 13:16
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- Memory: Eyewitness Testimony (1)
- Age
- Yarmey (1993)
- Whether age affects accuracy
- 651 adults: young (18-29), middle-aged (30-44), older (45-65)
- Stopped in public places, asked to recall physical characteristics of the women they had just spoken to
- Young and middle-aged more confident in recall, but no significant differences able to be attributed to age
- Age doesn't affect accuracy
- EVALUATION
- Field experiment
- Reduces demand characteristics -> more reliable
- high ecological validity -> can generalise
- Extraneous variables -> less reliable
- Large sample size -> high population validity -> can generalise
- Field experiment
- Anastasi & Rhodes (2006)
- Whether age affects accuracy, own-age bias
- Three age groups: 18-25, 35-45, 55-78
- Individuals shown 24 photos over thre age groups, rate each in terms of attractiveness
- Filler task
- Then given 48 photos and asked to identify 24 seen before
- Filler task
- Individuals shown 24 photos over thre age groups, rate each in terms of attractiveness
- Young & middle-aged most correct, all groups remembered own age best
- Young & middle-aged more accurate than older
- Own-age bias exists: all age groups best at remembering own age groups best
- Young & middle-aged more accurate than older
- EVALUATION
- Lacks ecological validity -> artificial setting -> can't generalise
- Not all age groups represented
- Yarmey (1993)
- Leading Questions
- Loftus & Palmer (1974) #1
- Whether leading questions affect recall
- 45 students, 5 groups of 9 shown video of a car accident and asked speed of cars using deffierent varbs
- Hit, smashed into, bumped into, made contact, collided
- Smashed- 40.8 mph, collided- 39.3 mph, bumped- 38.1 mph, hit- 34.0 mph, contacted- 31.8 mph
- 9mph difference, suggests leading questions affect recall
- EVALUATION
- Lacks ecological validity -> artificial setting -> can't generlais
- Low population validity -> all students -> can't generalise
- Loftus & Palmer (1974) #2
- Whether leading questions affect recall
- 150 students, 3 groups of 50 shown a video of a car accident and asked different questions for each group
- Group 1: Speed of cars when smashed into each other
- Group 2: speed of cars when hit each other
- Group 3: control, not asked about speed
- Returned a week later and asked if saw any broken glass (no broken glass in film)
- More said no glass for all, but more of group 1 said yes
- leading question changed way they recalled video meaning memory is altered
- EVALUATION
- lacks ecological validity -> artificial setting -> can't generlaise
- Lacks population validity -> all students -> can't generalise
- Loftus & Palmer (1974) #1
- Age
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