Memory

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  • Created by: Dallan
  • Created on: 10-04-13 12:25
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  • Memory
    • the process of encoding, storing and retrieving information
    • Models
      • Working Memory Model (Baddely and Hitch)
        • Evaluation
          • Demonstrates that STM has more than on component
          • Explains how we can carry out more than one cognitive task at a time
          • Capacity of central executive isn't  quantified
          • No clear explanation of how central executive works
        • Research Findings
          • Evidence to support the existance of visuo-spatial and phonological loop
  • the process of encoding, storing and retrieving information
  • Models
    • Working Memory Model (Baddely and Hitch)
      • Evaluation
        • Demonstrates that STM has more than on component
        • Explains how we can carry out more than one cognitive task at a time
        • Capacity of central executive isn't  quantified
        • No clear explanation of how central executive works
      • Research Findings
        • Evidence to support the existance of visuo-spatial and phonological loop
  • Central Executive
    • Phonological Loop
      • LTM
        • Episodic Buffer
          • Central Executive
            • Phonological Loop
              • LTM
                • Episodic Buffer
              • Visuo-spatial scratchpad
        • Visuo-spatial scratchpad
        • Multi-store Model (Atkinson and Shiffrin)
          • Evaluation
            • Support from clinical case studies and laboratory experiments
            • too simplistic - stores aren't unitary and information flow isn't linear
          • Research findings
            • STM
              • Encoding mainly accoustic
              • Capacity 7+/-2
              • Duration - about 20 seconds
            • LTM
              • Encoding is mainly semantic
              • Capacity is unlimited
              • Duration - up to a lifetime
        • Sensory Memory
          • STM
            • LTM
          • Incoming Stimuli
        • attention
        • Rehearsal  -->
        • <-- Retrieval
        • Incoming Stimuli
        • Memory in everyday life
          • Memory
            • Strategies for Improving Memory
              • Pay attention
              • Rehearse
              • Organise
              • Avoid interference
              • Use cues e.g context
              • Mnemonics
              • PQRST method of textbook study
              • Spaced (distributed) practice
          • Strategies for Improving Memory
            • Pay attention
            • Rehearse
            • Organise
            • Avoid interference
            • Use cues e.g context
            • Mnemonics
            • PQRST method of textbook study
            • Spaced (distributed) practice
          • Eyewitness Testimony
            • Factors associated with Inaccuracy
              • anxiety of witness in lab studies
              • Schemas
              • Age
                • Children give less complete testimony
                • Children are more susceptible to misleading information
              • Misleading information
                • Distorts memory for witnessed events
                • Original memory may be diluted or obscured
              • Leading questions
            • Memory in everyday life
              • Factors associated with accuracy
                • Anxiety of witness in real-life situations
                • Serious consequences of testimony
                • Blatantly inaccurate misinformation
                • Cognitive  interviews
                  • recreate context
                  • report all details
                  • recall events in different order
                  • change perspective
            • Factors associated with Inaccuracy
              • anxiety of witness in lab studies
              • Schemas
              • Age
                • Children give less complete testimony
                • Children are more susceptible to misleading information
              • Misleading information
                • Distorts memory for witnessed events
                • Original memory may be diluted or obscured
              • Leading questions
            • Anxiety of witness in real-life situations

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