Memory
- Created by: rooodboii_001
- Created on: 03-05-14 19:16
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- MEMORY
- Multi-Store Model
- Explains memory as a linear structure
- Incoming stimuli enter sensory memory store (2secs)
- If this info is attended to -> transferred to STM
- STM
- Limited capacity - 7+-2 items; limited duration - 30 secs; info lost due to displacemen; mainly encoded accoustically
- Info stays in stm through maintenance rehearsal
- Info is transfered to LTM through elaborative rehearsal
- LTM
- unlimited capacity; duration of a lifetime; uses semantic encoding; info lost due to decay /retrieval failure/ interference
- LTM
- STM
- Info lost if not attended to
- If this info is attended to -> transferred to STM
- Retrieval of info for use form LTM involves it first being retrieved into STM
- Evidence to support MSM
- Glanzer and Cunittz = primary and recency effect
- HM= brain surgery of hippocmpus to aid epilepsy supports LTM and STM diff. stores
- KF= brain damage; visual not verbal tasks, STM more complex than MSM says (wmm)
- Role of rehearsal- berkerian and badly - bbd wavelengths
- Flashbulb memory - e.g. 9/11
- STM
- Duration = peterson and peterson -> 30secs Nairne et al -> 96 secs
- Capacity= Miller -> (chunking) 7+-2 items
- encoding= baddeley-> acoustic encoding in STM
- LTM
- Duration = Bahrick -> (yearbook photos) durarion lasts a lifetime
- Encoding= Baddeley-> semantic encoding in LTM
- Capacity= not measured - unlimited
- Working Memory Model(1974)
- Explaines memory as an active process
- Central Executive - Most important component; major role in attention, planning and processing info from slave systems
- Visuo-spatial sketchpad= limited capacity; temporary memory store for holding visual and spatial info
- Phonological loop= stores a limited number of sounds for a brief period- made of 2 components:
- Phonological store= (inner ear) allows acoustically encoded items to be stored for a brief period
- Articulatory control system= (inner voice) allows subvocal repetition of the items stored in the PS
- Episodic Buffer (baddeley 2000)= can integrate info from LTM - allows us to go beyondLTM to integrate it into a new scenario (lim. capacity)
- Strength
- doesn'tover-emphasise the importance of rehearsal
- PET scans show diff. areas of brain active while doing visual and verbal tasks - areas may correspond with WMM
- Explains dual tasking= (E.G mental arithmetic tasks) - KF study
- Weaknesss
- Only STM - not a comprehensive model of memory(not covering all types of memory)
- Doesn'texplain chnges in processing ability due to practice or time
- Case studies - brain damaged patients - can't make before and after comparisons - brain damage is traumatic and may itself change behaviour
- Central executive = not clear; vagueness allows it to explain most experimental findings; CE probably more complex than model explains; capacity never measured
- Multi-Store Model
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