MEMORY - KEY POINTS AND MODELS
- Created by: grestabi
- Created on: 05-02-19 11:25
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- MEMORY
- A permanent physical change in the mind where info is stored
- Capacity - Amount of info
- Duration - how long we remember it for
- Encoding - how we record the info
- Multi-store model of memory
- Jacob's digit Span (1887) - investigates STM capacity, writes down numbers that increase in length after they disappear, found capacity average for no.s = 9.3 items, letters= 7.3
- Conclusion: smaller capacity for letters than numbers
- Shows a clear distinction between short term and long term memory stores.
- Support for separate STM and LTM stores: Beardsley (1997) - location for STM is active during STM but not LTM
- Too simple - STM is actually divided into a no. of different stores, according to the kind of memory that is stored. Applies to LTM as well
- LTM requires more than maintenance rehearsal. Craik + Tulving - found 'deep' processing is key in creating LTM
- Jacob's digit Span (1887) - investigates STM capacity, writes down numbers that increase in length after they disappear, found capacity average for no.s = 9.3 items, letters= 7.3
- Short term
- Cap: 7+-2 (5-9 items)
- Encod: Acoustically/ phonologically
- Dur: 18-30 secs w/o rehearsal
- Long term
- Cap: limitless
- Encod: Semantically/ procedurally/ episodic
- Semantic = meaning
- Episodic = order of things
- Procedural = how we do things
- Dur: Lifetime
- Working Memory model
- Created by Badley + Hitch
- Applies to real life tasks - reading, problem solving, navigation.
- Supported by dual task studies (Badley + Hitch, 1976)
- Doesn't over emphasise the importance of rehearsal for STM retention
- Little direct evidence for how the central executive works + what it does. Capacity of it has never been measured.
- Lab based research therefore potential lack of ecological validity
- Doesn't explain changes in processing ability that occur as the result of practice or time
- A permanent physical change in the mind where info is stored
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