Memory
- Created by: official-rxhel
- Created on: 28-11-20 13:38
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- Memory
- Coding, capacity and duration
- Coding is how we store information (5 senses)
- Baddeley gave 4 groups a word list (acoustically similar, semantically similar and vice versa)
- for STM acoustic similar was confusion, so its coded semanticlly
- for LTM semantic similar was confusion, so its coded acoustically
- LTM wasnt realistic only 20 mins
- they used a artificial stimuli instead of meaningful material
- had to recall immeditately for stm and after 20 mins for ltm
- Baddeley gave 4 groups a word list (acoustically similar, semantically similar and vice versa)
- Capacity is the amount of information we can hold
- Chunking
- Miller saw that information can be increased by chunking
- 7 +/- 2
- Simon (1974) found that people have a shorter memory span for larger chunks (such as 8 word phrase) than smaller chunks (one syllable word)
- Miller saw that information can be increased by chunking
- Digit span
- Chunking
- Duration is how long the information stays for
- LTM
- Bahrick- showed people old school photographs- most recently left people remembered 90% of faces and older people remembered more faces than names
- Shows that LTM can potientally last a lifetime
- high external validity
- people could of looked at the year book (rehearsal)
- Bahrick- showed people old school photographs- most recently left people remembered 90% of faces and older people remembered more faces than names
- STM
- rehearsal was prevented by asking them to count backwards
- LTM
- Coding is how we store information (5 senses)
- Multi-store memory model (1968,1971)
- devised by Atkinson & Shiffrin
- sensory register holds the information recieved from a stimulus from the environnment
- C: 5 senses (mostly hearing or sight)
- Cap: very high
- D: Very brief
- with attention it then goes into the STM store
- D: 30s max (unless elabortively rehearsed)
- C: Acoustic
- Cap: 7+/-2
- with maintenance rehearsal the information transfers into LTM
- C: Semantic
- D: Potientally lifetime
- Cap: potientally limitless
- However if you want to recall LTM it has to be transferred back to STM by retrival
- Case of HM : removed his hippocampus to relieve epilipsey but after he blieved he was 4 years younger and could only pass STM tasks.
- Indicates they are seperate stores
- Working memory model (1974)
- devised by Baddeley & Hitch because the MSM was too "simplistic"
- represnts how the STM is organisied
- Central Executive (attention)
- Director of the model
- limited capacity to allow us to focus on more important tasks
- receives data from the SR or LTM
- coordinates the slave systems : VSS & PL
- receives data from the SR or LTM
- limited capacity to allow us to focus on more important tasks
- Visuo-Spartial Sketchpad
- Inner scribe described the objects (eg that apple is red)
- Visual Cache describes the arrangements of the objects
- visual and spartial info
- limited capacity
- Director of the model
- Types of LTM
- Semantic : contains the knowledge about the world consiously (names of cities, taste of specific food)
- Episodic : events that happened in our lives (birthdays, holidays)
- Procedural : stores our knowledge on how how to do things unconsiously (riding a bike, swimming)
- Coding, capacity and duration
- There is more than one type of STM- KF could recall digits when he read them but not when researchers read them outloud
- There are different types of LTM - msm suggests there is one unitary store for LTM
- Visuo-Spartial Sketchpad
- Inner scribe described the objects (eg that apple is red)
- Visual Cache describes the arrangements of the objects
- visual and spartial info
- limited capacity
- Case of KR: had poor STM skills for verbal information such as numbers but could remember visual images indicating his PL is damaged but not his VSS further supporting the existence of them
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