Memory
- Created by: hollyrider_19
- Created on: 19-10-19 10:59
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- Memory
- Types of retrieval
- Recognition
- Retrieving information whilst being given options to choose from, for example multiple choice questions
- Cued recall
- Retrieving information whilst being given a cue to recall the information such as ‘it begins with…’
- Free recall
- Retrieving information without any cues or options
- Primary effect
- Words that appear first on the list are more likely to be recalled than the middle ones
- Recognition
- Types of encoding
- Visual encoding
- Some memories are stored visually (what it looks like).
- Example: If I ask you to count the windows on your house you will probably 'see' your house in your mind to count the windows.
- Some memories are stored visually (what it looks like).
- Acoustic encoding
- Some memories are stored in terms of what they sound like
- Example: your alarm clock, if you think about you can hear the tune
- Some memories are stored in terms of what they sound like
- Semantic encoding
- Our semantic memory is the meaning of words. It is the ability to understand and use words and concepts
- Example: you know and understand the word elephant, and can use it in a sentence
- Our semantic memory is the meaning of words. It is the ability to understand and use words and concepts
- Tactile encoding
- Memory of what things feel like
- Example: apples, you can understand because you eat them alot
- Memory of what things feel like
- Olfactory encoding
- Memory for smells
- Example: Playdough because of childhood
- Memory for smells
- Visual encoding
- Types of long-term memory
- Episodic
- Unique memories which are concerned with personal experiences or events e.g. a holiday
- Declarative: Knowing that
- Memories for facts and general knowledge. Knowing the capital city of a country
- Declarative: Knowing that
- Unique memories which are concerned with personal experiences or events e.g. a holiday
- Semantic
- Memories for facts and general knowledge. Knowing the capital city of a country
- Procedural
- Our memory for carrying out complex skills/ muscle memory e.g. bike riding. They are stored using motor code rather than verbal
- Non-declaritive: Knowing how
- Our memory for carrying out complex skills/ muscle memory e.g. bike riding. They are stored using motor code rather than verbal
- Episodic
- False memory: Remembering something that never happened
- Types of processes
- 1. Encoding
- The information must be translated into a form so it can be held in your brain
- 2. Storage
- The information is then kept in your brain for a period of time- even a lifetime
- 3. Retrieval
- The information has to be located and brought back out of your brain
- 1. Encoding
- Multi-store model of memory
- Says that there is more than one memory store
- Info arrives in our senses
- Stays in our memory store but only for a short period of time
- Short term store has a small capcity: it can hold approx. 7 chunks of information
- New info pushes the old info out
- If you rehearse this information it will move into your LTM
- The LTM has a large capacity and can stay there indefinitely
- Types of retrieval
- Episodic: Right prefrontal area
- If the three different types of memory are different then they should have locations
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