MEMORY
- Created by: venusaderele
- Created on: 11-04-18 20:48
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- MEMORY
- Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) The multi-store model
of memory
- sensory register
- duration: brief < 1/2 second
- coding: two types: iconic memory codes visually echoic memory codes acoustically
- capacity: high - many nerves
- short- term memory
- coding: acoustic
- duration: limited- 18- 30 secs
- capacity: 7+-2 items or 4 chunks
- long- term memory
- coding: semantic
- capacity: potentially unlimited
- duration: potentially unlimited
- AO3
- Strengths
- Milner (1965) case study of HM shows that there are different stores for STM and LTM
- Squire (1992) hippocampus active in LTM tasks + prefrontal during STM
- Limitations
- case study of Clive Wearing shows that there are different types of LTM
- too simplistic
- Strengths
- sensory register
- Types of long-term
memory
- semtantic
- 'knowing that'
- facts/ knowledge
- explicitly recalled
- episodic
- implicitly recalled
- events/ experiences
- 'knowing that'
- procedural
- implicitly recalled
- skill based
- AO3
- case study of Clive Wearing
- lack of control
- Tulving at al (1994)brain scan evidence
- case study of Clive Wearing
- semtantic
- Baddeley and Hitch (1974) The working memory
model
- central executive
- episodic buffer
- capacity: limited- 4 chunks
- phonological loop
- coding: acoustic
- capacity: limited
- phonological store
- articulatory control process
- visuo- spatial sketchpad
- inner scribe
- visual cache
- coding: can process info of any sensory modality
- capacity:limited
- episodic buffer
- AO3
- limitations
- central exceutive vague
- stengths
- Baddeley et al. (1975) dual task studies
- artificial tasks
- Braver et al (1997) brain imaging research
- Baddeley et al. (1975) dual task studies
- limitations
- central executive
- Explanations for
forgetting
- Interference
- proative
- retroactive
- McGeoch and McDonald (1931) effects of similarity
- 6 types of list
- ability to recall depended on nature of second list
- AO3
- strengths
- Baddeley and Hitch (1977)
- rugby players
- Baddeley and Hitch (1977)
- limitations
- lab experiments
- short time frame
- lab experiments
- strengths
- Retrieval failure due to absence of cues
- Tulving (1983) encoding specifity principle
- content dependent
- Godden and Baddeley (1975)
- deep sea
- Godden and Baddeley (1975)
- state depenedent
- Carter and Cassaday (1998)
- anti-histamines
- Carter and Cassaday (1998)
- AO3
- strengths
- real- life application to CI
- limitations
- Godden and Baddeley- replication
- strengths
- Interference
- Improving the
accuracy of eyewitness testimony
- cognitive interview
- changing order
- changing perspective
- report everything
- AO3
- limitations
- time consuming
- limitations
- reinstating the context
- ECI
- relax and speak slowly
- clarify questions
- adapt Qs to meet needs
- cognitive interview
- Factors affecting the
accuracy of eyewitness testimony
- Misleading information
- leading questions
- loftus and palmer (1974)
- film clips
- 40.8 mph vs 31.8 mph
- glass
- film clips
- loftus and palmer (1974)
- AO3
- strengths
- prevent miscarriages
- practical uses
- limitations
- artificial tasks
- conflicting evidence
- Yuille and Cutshall
- strengths
- leading questions
- Anxiety
- negative effect
- Johnson and Scott
- funnel theory
- positive effect
- Yuille and Cutshall (1986)
- Chritsianson and Hubinettee (1993)
- flight or flight
- contradictory findings
- Yerkes Dodson law
- Deffenbacher (1983)
- Yerkes Dodson law
- AO3
- limitations
- ethical issues
- field studies lack control
- limitations
- negative effect
- Misleading information
- Atkinson and Shiffrin (1968) The multi-store model
of memory
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